Riodinidae Checklist

Administrator: Noemy Seraphim

UPDATED: 20-JUL-2022

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The Neotropical riodinids sum up a total of 143 genera, 1487 species and 820 subspecies.

SUBF Nemeobiinae

TRIB Nemeobiini

SUBT Nemeobiina

GENU Zemeros Boisduval, 1836 Type species: Papilio allica

GSYN Barisana Moore, [1902] Type species: Zemeros emesoides

SPEC Zemeros emesoides Felder & Felder, 1860

SSYN = emesioides Kirby, 1871

SUBS Zemeros emesoides bangueyanus Fruhstorfer, 1912

SUBS Zemeros emesoides eso Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SUBS Zemeros emesoides zynias Fruhstorfer, [1914]

SPEC Zemeros flegyas (Cramer [1780]) (Papilio)

SUBS Zemeros flegyas albipunctata Butler, 1874

SUBS Zemeros flegyas allica* (Fabridus, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Zemeros flegyas annamensis Fruhstorfer, 1912

SUBS Zemeros flegyas arimazes Fruhstorfer, 1912

SUBS Zemeros flegyas balinus Fruhstorfer, 1912

SUBS Zemeros flegyas celebensis Fruhstorfer, 1899

SUBS Zemeros flegyas florensis Hanafusa, 1993

SUBS Zemeros flegyas hondai Hayashi, 1976

SUBS Zemeros flegyas hostius Fruhstorfer, 1912

SUBS Zemeros flegyas indicus Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SSYN = confucius Moore, 1878

SUBS Zemeros flegyas javanus Moore, 1902, 1890-1913

SUBS Zemeros flegyas jokoi Hanafusa, 1993

SUBS Zemeros flegyas phyliscus Fruhstorfer, 1912

SUBS Zemeros flegyas retiarius Grose-Smith, 1895

SUBS Zemeros flegyas sipora Riley, [1945]

SUBS Zemeros flegyas sosiphanes Fruhstorfer, 1912

SUBS Zemeros flegyas sparsus Fruhstorfer, 1898

SUBS Zemeros flegyas strigatus Pagenstecher, 1896

GENU Styx Staudinger, 1876

SPEC Styx infernalis Staudinger, 1876

GENU Corrachia Schaus, 1913

SPEC Corrachia leucoplaga Schaus, 1913

GENU Stiboges Butler, 1876

SPEC Stiboges elodinia Fruhstorfer, [1914]^ref.87

SPEC Stiboges nymphidia* Butler, 1876

SUBS Stiboges nymphidia nymphidia* Butler, 1876

SUBS Stiboges nymphidia calycoides Fruhstorfer, 1897

SUBS Stiboges nymphidia mara Fruhstorfer, [1904]

GENU new genus 6^ref.4

SPEC Abisara freda Bennett, 1957^p TL. Loinwe, Southern Shan States, Burma

SUBS Abisara freda freda Bennett, 1957 TL. Loinwe, Southern Shan States, Burma

SUBS Abisara freda daliensis Sugiyama, 1992 TL. Yunnan, China

SPEC Abisara fylla (Westwood, [1851]) (Taxila)^p TL. India

SSYN = fyllaria Fruhstorfer, [1914]

SPEC Abisara fylla fylla (Westwood, [1851]) (Taxila)

SPEC Abisara fylla magdala Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SPEC Abisara fylloides (Moore, 1901) (Sospita)^p TL. China

GENU Dodona Hewitson, 1861 Type species: Melitaea durga Kollar, 1844

GSYN Balonca Moore, [1901] Type species: Dodona deodata Hewitson, 1876

SPEC Dodona adonira Hewitson, [1866]ⁿ

SUBS Dodona adonira argentea Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SUBS Dodona adonira kala Tytler, 1940

SUBS Dodona adonira learmondi Tytler, 1940

SUBS Dodona adonira naga Tytler, 1940

SPEC Dodona binghami (Moore, [1901]) (Balonca)

SPEC Dodona chrysapha Fruhstorfer, 1910

SUBS Dodona chrysapha vanleeuwenii Roepke, 1921

SPEC Dodona deodata Hewitson, 1876 (Type species of: Balonca)

SSYN = angela Grose-Smith, 1901, 1887-1902

SUBS Dodona deodata anu Corbet, 1937

SUBS Dodona deodata aponata Semper, 1889, 1886-1892

SUBS Dodona deodata malindangensis Schroöder & Treadaway, 1988

SUBS Dodona deodata ohtsukai Hayashi, 1984

SUBS Dodona deodata sakaii (Hayashi), 1976; Dedona

SUBS Dodona deodata treadawayi Hanafusa, 1989

SPEC Dodona dipoea Hewitson, 1866 TL: India

SUBS Dodona dipoea dipoeides Murayama 1995 TL: China

SUBS Dodona dipoea theatana Okano, M 1982 TL: Tibet

SUBS Dodona dipoea nostia Fruhstorfer, 1912 TL: Pakistan

SPEC Dodona dracon de NicéviUe, 1897

SUBS Dodona dracon putaoa Tytler, 1940

SPEC Dodona durga* (Kollar, [1844]) (Melitaea)

SUBS Dodona durga rubula Fruhstorfer. [1914]. 1909-1923

SUBS Dodona durga sinica Moore. 1901. 1890-1913

SPEC Dodona egeon (Westwood), [1851], 1846-1852; Taxilaⁿ

SUBS Dodona egeon confluens Corbet, 1941 TL: Malaysia

SUBS Dodona egeon hainani Gu, 1997 TL: Hainan Islands, China

SPEC Dodona elvira Staudinger, 1896ⁿ TL: Kalimantan

SUBS Dodona elvira chuai Yagishita, 1994 TL: Malaysia

SUBS Dodona elvira hanafusai Yagishita, 1994 TL: Kalimantan

SPEC Dodona eugenes Bates, [1868] TL: Nepal and Bhutan

SSYN = venox Fruhstorfer. 1912

SUBS Dodona eugenes chaseni Corbet, 1941 TL: Malaysia

SUBS Dodona eugenes robinsoni Rothschild, 1920 TL: Sumatra

SUBS Dodona eugenes chaseni Corbet, 1941 TL: Malysia

SUBS Dodona eugenes albescens Chou & Yuan, 2001 TL: China

SUBS Dodona eugenes hainana Gu, 1997 TL: Hainan Islands, China

SUBS Dodona eugenes phuongi Monastyrskii & Devyatkin 2000^ref.88 TL: Vietnam

SPEC Dodona formosana Matsumura. 1919 ^ref.86

SSYN = esakii Shirozu, 195^ref.86

SPEC Dodona longicaudata de Nicéville, 1881

SPEC Dodona lecerfi Fruhstorfer, [1914], 1909-1923

SPEC Dodona maculosa Leech, 1890 TL: China

SUBS Dodona maculosa phuongi Monastyrskii & Devyatjin, 2000 ^ref.88 TL.Vietnam, Bac Can Province, Ba Be National Park

SPEC Dodona fruhstorferi Röber, 1897 TL: Java

SUBS Dodona fruhstorferi nicevillei Dohrn, 1899 TL: Sumatra

SUBS Dodona fruhstorferi pryeri (Moore, 1901) (Balonca) TL: Kalimantan

SPEC Dodona henrici Holland, 1887 TL: China

SPEC Dodona hoenei Forsler, 1951 TL: China

SUBS Dodona hoenei maculosoides Sugiyama 1999 TL: China

SPEC Dodona kaolinkon Yoshino, 1999 TL: China

SPEC Dodona katerina Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2000^ref.88 TL: Vietnam, Gia Lai Province, Kon Ka Kinh Nature Reserve

SUBS Dodona katerina sombra Monastyrskii & Devyatkin 2003 TL: Vietnam

SPEC Dodona mizunumai Hanafusa, 1989 TL: Philippines

SPEC Dodona moritai Koiwaya & Shinkai, 1996 TL: China

SPEC Dodona ouida Moore, [1866]ⁿ TL: India

SUBS Dodona ouida palaya Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL: China

SUBS Dodona ouida phlegra Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL: India

SPEC Dodona speciosa Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2000 TL. Vietnam, Gia Lai Province, Kon Ka Kinh Nature Reserve

SPEC Dodona windu Fruhstorfer, 1894

GENU Takashia Okano & Okano, 1985

SPEC Takashia nana* (Leech, 1893) (Timelaea)ⁿ

SUBS Takashia nana nana (Leech, 1893) (Timelaea)ⁿ

SUBS Takashia nana shaanxiensis Hanafuda, 1995

GENU Polycaena Staudinger, 1886^ref.50 Type species: Polycaena tamerlana Staudinger, 1886

SPEC Polycaena carmelita Oberthür, 1903

SPEC Polycaena chauchowensis (Mell, 1923)

SUBS Polycaena chauchowensis chauchowensis (Mell, 1923)

SUBS Polycaena chauchowensis pallidior Forster, 1951

SPEC Polycaena kansuensis (Nordström, 1935)

SUBS Polycaena kansuensis kansuensis (Nordström, 1935)

SSYN = f. vernalis Oberthür, 1903

SSYN = qinghaiensis Chou & Yuan, 2001

SUBS Polycaena kansuensis sakaii Sugiyama, 2015

SUBS Polycaena kansuensis subhuti Sakai, 2015

SPEC Polycaena lama Leech, [1893]

SSYN f. aestivalis Oberthür, 1903

SPEC Polycaena wangjiaqii Huang, 2016

SPEC Polycaena lua Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

SUBS Polycaena lua lua Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

SUBS Polycaena lua taibaiensis Chou & Yuan, 2001

SPEC Polycaena matuta Leech, [1893]

SPEC Polycaena minor Forster, 1951

SSYN? = Polycaena matuta shii Huang, 2014

SPEC Polycaena princeps (Oberthür, 1886)

SUBS Polycaena princeps princeps (Oberthür, 1886)

SUBS Polycaena princeps minensis Sugiyama, 1997

SPEC Polycaena sejila Huang & Li, 2016

SPEC Polycaena tamerlana Staudinger, 1886

SUBS Polycaena tamerlana tamerlana Staudinger, 1886

SSYN = f. attila Gaede, 1930

SSYN = f. helcha Gaede, 1930

SUBS Polycaena tamerlana pamira Tshikolovets, 1997

SUBS Polycaena tamerlana temir Grum-Grshimaïlo, 1890

SPEC Polycaena timur Staudinger, 1886

SUBS Polycaena timur timur Staudinger, 1886

SSYN = banghaasi Fruhstorfer, 1915

SUBS Polycaena timur gurkani Korb, 2012

SPEC Polycaena yunnana Sugiyama, 1997

GENU Hamearis Hübner, [1819] Type species: Papilio lucina Linnaeus, 1758

SPEC Hamearis lucina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio) TL. Europe

SUBS Hamearis lucina lucina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio) TL. Europe

SSYN = browni (Lhomme, 1923) (Nemeobius)

SSYN = primipara (Constantini, 1916)(Nemeobius)

SSYN = semibrunnea (Osthelder, 1926) (Nemeobius)

SSYN = sorini (Pionneau, 1926) (Nemeobius) TL. Pyrenees

SSYN = thurneri (Dannehl, 1925) (Nemeobius) TL. C. Europe

SUBS Hamearis lucina fulva Osthelder, 1926 (Nemeobius) TL. Bavaria

SUBT Abisarina

GENU Abisara Felder & Felder, 1865

SPEC Abisara abnormis Moore, [1884] TL. Moulmein, Burma

SPEC Abisara bifasciata Moore, 1877 TL. Andamans.

SUBS Abisara bifasciata bifasciata Moore, 1877 TL. Andamans.

SUBS Abisara bifasciata angulata Moore, [1879] TL. Tenasserim

SSYN = jhana Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL. Chin Hills

SUBS Abisara bifasciata angustilineata Inoué & Kawazoé, 1964 TL. S. Vietnam

SUBS Abisara bifasciata lusi Lee, 1962 TL. Yunnan

SUBS Abisara bifasciata suffusa Moore, 1882^q TL. Chumba

SSYN = fraterna Moore, [1884] TL. Bombay

SPEC Abisara chelina (Fruhstorfer, [1904])^ref.61 (Sospita)

SUBS Abisara chelina chelina (Fruhstorfer, [1904])(Sospita)

SUBS Abisara chelina duanhuii Huang, 2001^ref.61 TL. Longpo to Nidadan, Nujiang Valley, SE. Tibet

SPEC Abisara echerius (Stoll, [1790]) (Papilio)ⁿ TL. India

SUBS Abisara echerius echerius (Stoll, [1790]) (Papilio)ⁿ TL. India

SSYN = coriolanus (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia) TL. Indiis

SSYN = lydda (Hewitson, [1866]) (Sospita) TL. Hong Kong

SSYN = odin (Fabricius, 1793) (Papilio) TL. China

SSYN = tonkinianus Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SSYN = xenodice (Hübner, [1819]) (Lycaena)

SUBS Abisara echerius bazilensis Fruhstorfer, 1900

SUBS Abisara echerius boholensis Okano & Okano. 1993 TL. Bilar. Bohol Island. Philippines.

SUBS Abisara echerius bugiana Fruhstorfer. [1904]

SUBS Abisara echerius celebica Röber, [1886] TL. Celebes

SSYN = satellitica Nienwenhuis, 1946 TL. Baggaai Archipelago, Celebes

SUBS Abisara echerius clara Bennett, 1950 TL. Banggai

SUBS Abisara echerius cudaca Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL. Luzon, Philippines

SUBS Abisara echerius laura Fruhstorfer, [1904] TL. Mindoro, Philippines

SUBS Abisara echerius lisa Bennett, 1950 TL. “Haunan”

SUBS Abisara echerius oenobarus Toxopeus, 1929 TL.Pulau Weh.

SUBS Abisara echerius paionea Fruhstorfer, [1914], TL. Karen Hills Burma

SSYN = notha Bennett, 1950 TL. Tonkin^ref.87

SUBS Abisara echerius palawana Staudinger, 1889 TL. Palawan.

SSYN = pancha Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL. Palawain, Philippines

SUBS Abisara echerius panayensis Medicielo & Hanafusa, 1994 TL. Antique, Panay Island, Philippines

SUBS Abisara echerius porphyritica Fruhstorfer, [1914], TL. Besi, Sula Islands

SUBS Abisara echerius prunosa Moore, 1879 TL. Ceylon

SUBS Abisara echerius saleyra Fruhstorfer, 1912

SUBS Abisara echerius schedeli Fruhstorfer, [1904] TL. Liu-Kiu Islands

SPEC Abisara geza Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SUBS Abisara geza geza Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SSYN = erilda Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL. W. Java

SUBS Abisara geza aja Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SUBS Abisara geza disparilis Riley, [1945] TL. Sipora

SUBS Abisara geza litavicus Fruhstorfer, 1912 TL. N. Borneo

SSYN = sala Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL. S.E. Borneo

SUBS Abisara geza niasana Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SUBS Abisara geza niya Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL.Riouw Archipelago

SUBS Abisara geza sura Bennett, 1950 TL: Sumatra

SPEC Abisara kausambi* Felder & Felder, 1860ⁿ TL. Malacca

= NN oenabarus Toxopeus, 1926 (nomen nudum)

SUBS Abisara kausambi kausambi Felder & Felder, 1860 TL. Malacca

SUBS Abisara kausambi asoka Bennett, 1950 TL. Borneo

SUBS Abisara kausambi daphne Bennett, 1950 TL. Nias

SUBS Abisara kausambi paha Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL. Sumatra

SUBS Abisara kausambi sabina Stichel, 1924 TL. Celebes

SUBS Abisara kausambi tina Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SPEC Abisara latifasciata Inoué & Kawazoé, 1964 TL. S. Vietnam ^ref.87

SPEC Abisara mindanaensis Semper, 1892

SSYN = juana Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SUBS Abisara mindanaensis canlaonensis Medicielo & Hanafusa, 1994 TL. Mu Canlaon, Negros Island, Philippines.

SUBS Abisara mindanaensis mudita Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL. Mindoro, Philippines

SPEC Abisara saturata (Moore, 1878); Sospitaⁿ TL. Hainan

SUBS Abisara saturata saturata (Moore, 1878); Sospitaⁿ TL. Hainan

SUBS Abisara saturata amaga Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL.Banka Island

SUBS Abisara saturata baraka Bennett, 1950 TL. Manipur.

SUBS Abisara saturata corbeti Bennett, 1950 TL. Mindanao, Filippines

SUBS Abisara saturata iliaca Fruhstorfer, 1912

SUBS Abisara saturata kausambioides de Nicéville, [1896] TL. Sumatra

SUBS Abisara saturata maya Bennett, 1950 TL. S. Burma

SUBS Abisara saturata meta Fruhstorfer, [1904] TL. Tonkin

SSYN = annamitica Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SSYN = siamensis Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SUBS Abisara saturata stasinus Fruhstorfer, 1912 TL. Sumatra

SUBS Abisara saturata tera Fruhstorfer, [1904]

SPEC Abisara sobrina (Mell, 1923) Sospita TL. S. China

GENU New genus 5 ^ref.4

SPEC Abisara burnii (de Nicéville, 1895) (Taxila)^o TL. Upper Burma

SUBS Abisara burnii burnii (de Nicéville, 1895) (Taxila) TL. Upper Burma

SUBS Abisara burnii assus Fruhstorfer, [1914] TL. Canton

SUBS Abisara burnii etymander (Fruhstorfer, 1908) (Taxila) TL. Kanshirei

SSYN = formosana Stichel, 1914 TL. Formosa

SUBS Abisara burnii timaeus (Fruhstorfer, [1904]) (Taxila)

GENU Afriodinia D’Abrera, 2009^{after ref.58-60} Type species: Papilio gerontes Fabricius, 1781

SPEC Afriodinia caeca (Rebel, 1914)(Abisara) TL. Central Africa

SUBS Afriodinia caeca caeca (Rebel, 1914 )(Abisara) TL. Central Africa

SSYN = barnsi (Joicey & Talbot, 1921)(Abisara) TL. Butahu River, Semliki Valley, E. Africa

SUBS Afriodinia caeca semicaeca (Riley, 1932)(Abisara) TL. Gabun

SPEC Afriodinia cameroonensis (Callaghan, 2003) (Abisara) Tl. Bana Bacha, Cameroon

SPEC Afriodinia delicata (Lathy, 1901) (Abisara)

SUBS Afriodinia delicata delicata (Lathy, 1901) (Abisara)

SUBS Afriodinia delicata tanzania (Kielland, 1986) (Abisara) TL.Tanzania

SUBS Afriodinia delicata zanzibarica (Kielland, 1990) (Abisara) TL.Tanzania

SPEC Afriodinia dewitzi (Aurivillius, [1899]) (Abisara) TL. Southern Congo District

SPEC Afriodinia gerontes (Fabricius, 1781) (Papilio)ⁿ TL. Africa “aequinoctiali”

SUBS Afriodinida gerontes gerontes (Fabricius, 1781) (Papilio) TL. Africa “aequinoctiali”

SSYN = baucis (Drury, 1782) (Papilio)

SUBS Afriodinia gerontes gabunica (Riley, 1932) (Abisara) TL. Gabun

SPEC Afriodinia neavei (Riley, 1932) (Abisara) TL. Kamerun

SUBS Afriodinia neavei neavei (Riley, 1932) (Abisara) TL. Kamerun

SUBS Afriodinia neavei congdoni (Kielland, 1985) (Abisara) TL. Tanzania

SUBS Afriodinia neavei dollmani (Riley, 1932) (Abisara) TL. Rhodesia

SUBS Afriodinia neavei kivuensis (Riley, 1932) (Abisara) Tl. Kamerun

SUBS Afriodinia neavei latifasciata (Riley, 1932) (Abisara)

SUBS Afriodinia neavei mahale (Kielland, 1978) (Abisara) TL. Kasoge, Kigoma, Tanzania

SPEC Afriodinia rogersi (Druce, 1878) (Abisara)ⁿ TL. Angola

SUBS Afriodinia rogersi rogersi (Druce, 1878) (Abisara) TL. Angola

SSYN = geryon (Staudinger, [1887]) (Abisara) TL. Angola

SUBS Afriodinia rogersi simulacris (Riley, 1932) (Abisara) TL. Kamerun

SPEC Afriodinia rutherfordii (Hewitson, 1874)ⁿ TL.Cross River, West Africa

SUBS Afriodinia rutherfordii rutherfordii (Hewitson, 1874)(Abisara) Tl. Cross River, West Africa

SSYN = herwigii (Dewitz, 1886) (Abisara) TL. Southern Congo District

SUBS Afriodinia rutherfordii cyclops (Riley, 1932) (Abisara) TL. Congo

SPEC Afriodinia talantus (Aurivillius, 1891) (Abisara) TL. Cameroons

SSYN = f. muanensis (Dufrane, 1953) (Abisara) TL. Kivu

SPEC Afriodinia tantalus (Hewitson, [1866]) (Abisara) TL. Africa

SUBS Afriodinia tantalus tantalus (Hewitson, [1866]) (Abisara) TL. Africa

SSYN = intermedia (Aurivillius, 1895) (Abisara) TL. Cameroon

SSYN = caerulea (Riley, 1932) (Abisara) TL. Congo

SSYN = caerulea (Carpenter & Jackson, 1950) (Abisara) TL. Belgian Congo

SSYN = caerulea liberiana (Clench, 1965) (Abisara) TL. Liberia

SUBS Afriodinia tantalus cyanis (Callaghan, 2003) (Abisara) TL. Beni, Kivu 

UNAV = metallicus (Berger, 1981), unavailable (Abisara)TL. Beni, Kivu 

GENU Saribia Butler, 1878

SPEC Saribia decaryi (Le Cerf), 1922; Abisara

SPEC Saribia ochracea Riley, 1932ⁿ

SPEC Saribia perroti Riley, 1932ⁿ

SSYN = fiana Riley, 1932

SPEC Saribia tepahi* (Boisduval), 1833; Emesis

GENU Dicallaneura Butler, 1867

GENU Laxita Butler, 1879

GENU Taxila Doubleday, 1847

GENU Archigenes Fruhstorfer, 1914^{reinstated by ref.4} Type species: Abisara aita de Nicéville, 1893

SPEC Archigenes aita* (de Nicéville, 1893) (Abisara) TL. Battak Mountains, North Sumatra

SUBS Archigenes aita aita (de Nicéville, 1893) (Abisara) TL. Battak Mountains, North Sumatra

SUBS Archigenes aita ismailii (Hanafusa, 1993) (Abisara) TL. Mt Dempo, South Sumatra, Indonesia

SPEC Archigenes atlas (de Nicéville, 1895) (Abisara)

SPEC Archigenes attennuata (Tytler, 1915) (Abisara) TL. Barak River, Western Manipur HiUs.

SPEC Abisara chela (de Nicéville, 1886) (Abisara)

SUBS Archigenes chela amplifascia (Tytler, 1940) (Abisara)

SUBS Archigenes chela kalawna (Evans, 1925) (Abisara)

SPEC Archigenes miyazakii (K. Saito & T. Saito, 2005) (Abisara)

SPEC Archigenes neophron (Hewitson, [1861]) (Sospita)ⁿ TL. Mont Kasiyae

SUBS Archigenes neophron gratius (Fruhstorfer, 1912) (Abisara)

SUBS Archigenes neophron neophronides (Fruhstorfer, [1914]) (Abisara)

SPEC Archigenes savitri (Felder & Felder, 1860) (Abisara)ⁿ

SSYN = susa (Hewitson, [1861]) (Sospita)

SUBS Archigenes savitri deniya (Fruhstorfer, [1914](Abisara)

SUBS Archigenes savitri obscura (Hanafusa, 1991) (Abisara)

SUBS Archigenes savitri periya (Fruhstorfer, [1914]) (Abisara)

SUBS Archigenes savitri sciurus (Fruhstorfer, [1904]) (Sospita)

SUBS Archigenes savitri strix (Fruhstorfer, [1904]) (Sospita)

SUBS Archigenes savitri teutyra (Fruhstorfer, [1914]) (Abisara)

GENU Praetaxila Fruhstorfer, 1914

GENU Paralaxita Eliot, 1978

TRIB Euselasiini (179 spp)

GENU Methone E. Doubleday, 1847 Type species: Papilio cecilia Cramer, 1777 (1 sp)

SPEC Methone cecilia* (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Methone cecilia cecilia (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Methone cecilia caduca Stichel, 1919

SUBS Methone cecilia chrysomela (Butler, 1872) (Methonella)

SUBS Methone cecilia columbana Stichel, 1926

SUBS Methone cecilia eurotias Stichel, 1919

SUBS Methone cecilia magnarea (Seitz, 1913) (Methonella)

GENU Euselasia Hübner, [1819] Type species: Euselasia gelaena Hübner, 1819 (176 spp.)

SPEC Euselasia albomaculiga Callaghan, 1999

SPEC Euselasia alcmena (Druce, 1878) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia amblypodia Lathy, 1926

SPEC Euselasia amphidecta (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia andreae Hall, Willmott & Busby, 1998

SPEC Euselasia angulata (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia arbas (Stoll, 1781) (Papilio)

SSYN Euselasia anica (Herrich-Schäffer, 1853) (Eurygona)^ref.76

SPEC Euselasia archelaus Seitz, 1916

SUBS Euselasia archelaus archelaus Seitz, 1916

SUBS Euselasia archelaus ecuadorensis Lathy, 1926

SPEC Euselasia argentea (Hewitson, 1871) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia arpi Gallard, 2013^ref.24

SPEC Euselasia artos (Herrich-Schäffer, 1853) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia athena (Hewitson, 1869) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia attrita Seitz, 1916

SSYN Euselasia serapis Stichel, 1919^ref.76

SPEC Euselasia aurantia (Butler & Druce, 1872) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia aurantiaca (Salvin & Godman, 1868) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia aurantiaca aurantiaca (Salvin & Godman, 1868) (Eurygona)

SSYN Euselasia cheles (Godman & Salvin, 1889)^g

SUBS Euselasia aurantiaca marginata Lathy, 1926

SUBS Euselasia aurantiacus aurum Callaghan, Llorente-Bousquets & Luis-Martinez 2007^ref.14

SPEC Euselasia authe (Godman, 1903) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia authe authe (Godman, 1903) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia authe copiosa Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia authe ocalea (Druce, 1904) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia baucis Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia baucis baucis Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia baucis aethiops Rebillard, 1958

SPEC Euselasia bettina (Hewitson, 1869) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia bilineata Lathy, 1926

SPEC Euselasia brevicauda Lathy, 1926

SPEC Euselasia cafusa (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia calligramma (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia candaria (Druce, 1904) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia cataleuca (R. Felder, 1869) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia catoleuce (Hübner, 1823) (Erythia)

SPEC Euselasia charilis (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia chinguala Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Euselasia chrysippe (Bates, 1866) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia clesa (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia clithra (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia corduena (Hewitson, 1874) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia corduena corduena (Hewitson, 1874) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia corduena anadema Stichel, 1927)

SPEC Euselasia crinon Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia cucuta (Schaus, 1902) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia cuprea Lathy, 1926

SPEC Euselasia cyanira Callaghan, 1997

SPEC Euselasia cyanofusa Hall & Willmott, 1998)

SPEC Euselasia descherrei Gallard, 2014^ref.X

SPEC Euselasia dolichos Staudinger, 1887

SPEC Euselasia dorina (Hewitson, 1860) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eberti Callaghan, 1999

SPEC Euselasia effima (Hewitson, 1869) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia ella Seitz, 1916

SUBS Euselasia ella ella Seitz, 1916

SUBS Euselasia ella terrea Stichel, 1924

SPEC Euselasia erilis Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia erythraea (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia ethemon (Cramer, 1776) (Papilio)

SPEC Euselasia euboea (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia euboea euboea (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia euboea pasoula Callaghan & Lamas, 2004)

SPEC Euselasia eubotes (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eubule (R. Felder, 1869) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eubule eubule (R. Felder, 1869) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eubule mexicana Lathy, 1926

SPEC Euselasia eucerus (Eurygona, Hewitson, 1872)

SPEC Euselasia eucrates (Hewitson, 1872) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eucrates eucrates (Hewitson, 1872) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eucrates eriphyla Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia eucrates leucorrhoa (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eucritus (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eucritus eucritus (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eucritus hypocrita Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia eugeon (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SSYN Euselasia geon Seitz, 1913^ref.29

SPEC Euselasia euhemerus (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eulione (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eumedia (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eumedia eumedia (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eumedia ophias (Herrich-Schäffer, 1853) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eumenes (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona, )

SPEC Euselasia eumithres Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia eunaeus (Hewitson, 1855) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia euodias (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia euodias euodias (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia euodias talidiman Brévignon & Gallard, 1992

SPEC Euselasia euoras (Hewitson, 1855) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia euoras (Hewitson, 1855) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia euoras awala Brévignon, 2008^ref.76

SPEC Euselasia eupatra Seitz, 1916

SPEC Euselasia euphaes (Hewitson, 1855) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia euploea (Hewitson, 1855) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia euriteus (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SPEC Euselasia euromus (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eurymachus (Hewitson, 1872) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia euryone (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eurypus (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eusepus (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia eustola Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia eustola eustola Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia eustola wacapu Brévignon, 1996

SPEC Euselasia eutaea (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eutaea eutaea (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia eutaea lindana Möschler, 1883

SPEC Euselasia eutychus (Hewitson, 1856) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia extensa (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia fabia (Godman, 1903) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia fabia fabia (Godman, 1903) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia fabia marcida Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia fayneli Gallard, 2006^ref.82

SPEC Euselasia fervida (Butler, 1874) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia fervida fervida (Butler, 1874) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia fervida fervidina Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia fournierae Lathy, 1924

SPEC Euselasia gelanor (Stoll, 1780) (Papilio)

SPEC Euselasia gelon* (Stoll, 1787) (Papilio)

SPEC Euselasia gordios Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia gradata Stichel, 1927

SPEC Euselasia gyda (Hewitson, 1860) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia gyda gyda (Hewitson, 1860) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia gyda gydina Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia hahneli Staudinger, 1887

SPEC Euselasia hieronymi (Salvin & Godman, 1868) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia hieronymi hieronymi (Salvin & Godman, 1868) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia hieronymi bianala Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Euselasia hygenius (Stoll, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Euselasia hygenius hygenius (Stoll, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Euselasia hygenius occulta Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia hypocrita Stichel, 1919^ref.24

SPEC Euselasia hypophaea (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia ignitus Stichel, 1924

SPEC Euselasia illarina Hall, Willmott & Busby, 1998

SPEC Euselasia inconspicua (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia inini Brévignon, 1996

SPEC Euselasia issoria (Hewitson, 1869) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia janigena Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia jigginsi Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Euselasia jocotoco Hall & Willmott, 2009^ref.30

SPEC Euselasia julia (Druce, 1878) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia kartopus Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia labdacus (Stoll, 1780) (Papilio)

SUBS Euselasia labdacus labdacus (Stoll, 1780) (Papilio)

SUBS Euselasia labdacus reducta Lathy, 1926)

SPEC Euselasia leucon (Schaus, 1913) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia leucophryna (Schaus, 1913) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia licinia (Godman, 1903) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia lisias (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SPEC Euselasia lycaeus Staudinger, 1888

SPEC Euselasia lysimachus Staudinger, 1888

SPEC Euselasia manoa Brévignon, 1996

SPEC Euselasia mapatayna Hall & Willmott, 1998)

SPEC Euselasia marica Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia matuta (Schaus, 1913) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia mazaca (Hewitson, 1860)(Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia melaphaea (Hübner, 1823) (Erythia)

SUBS Euselasia melaphaea melaphaea (Hübner, 1823) (Erythia)

SUBS Euselasia melaphaea condensa Stichel, 1927)

SPEC Euselasia micaela (Schaus, 1902)(Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia michaeli Hall & Harvey, 2004^ref.26

SPEC Euselasia midas (Fabricius, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Euselasia midas midas (Fabricius, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Euselasia midas ater Seitz, 1916

SUBS Euselasia midas crotopiades Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia midas crotopina Seitz, 1916

SUBS Euselasia midas erosina Brévignon, 1995

SUBS Euselasia midas pelusia Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia mirania (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia modesta (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia murina Stichel, 1925

SPEC Euselasia mutator Seitz, 1916

SPEC Euselasia mys (Herrich-Schäffer, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia mys mys (Herrich-Schäffer, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia mys cytis Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia mys lara Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia mystica (Schaus, 1913) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia nauca Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Euselasia nytua Hall & Willmott, 2009^ref.30

SPEC Euselasia oaxacensis Callaghan, Llorente & Luis, 2013^ref.28

SPEC Euselasia onorata (Hewitson, 1869) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia opalescens (Hewitson, 1855) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia opalescens opalescens (Hewitson, 1855) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia opalescens interrupta Lathy, 1924

SUBS Euselasia opalescens joiceyi Lathy, 1924

SUBS Euselasia opalescens opigena Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia opalina (Westwood, 1851) (Eurygonia)

SPEC Euselasia opimia Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia orba Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia orba orba Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia orba spectralis Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia orfita (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SPEC Euselasia orion Le Cerf, 1958

SPEC Euselasia palla Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Euselasia pallantis Brévignon & Gallard 1993^ref.24

SPEC Euselasia pance Callaghan, 1999

SPEC Euselasia parca Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia pellonia Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia pellonia pellonia Stichel, 1919

SUBS Euselasia pellonia azurea Callaghan, 1999

SPEC Euselasia pellos Stichel, 1919

SPEC Euselasia pelor (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia perisama Hall & Lamas, 2001

SPEC Euselasia phedica (Boisduval 1836) (Eurygona*)

SPEC Euselasia phelina (Druce, 1878) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia pillaca Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Euselasia pontasis Callaghan, Llorente-Bousquets & Luis-Martinez 2007^ref.14

SPEC Euselasia portentosa Stichel, 1927

SPEC Euselasia praecipua Stichel, 1924

SPEC Euselasia praeclara (Hewitson, 1869) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia procula (Godman & Salvin, 1885) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia psammanthe Seitz, 1916

SPEC Euselasia pseudomys Callaghan, 1999

SPEC Euselasia pullata Stichel, 1927

SPEC Euselasia pusilla (R. Felder, 1869) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia pusilla pusilla (R. Felder, 1869) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia pusilla mazai Beutelspacher, 1975

SPEC Euselasia rasonea (Schaus, 1902) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia rava Stichel, 1928

SPEC Euselasia regipennis (Butler & Druce, 1872) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia regipennis regipennis (Butler & Druce, 1872) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia regipennis eupepla (Godman & Salvin, 1885) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia regipennis eurysthenes (Hewitson, 1872) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia respectus Brévignon, 2008^ref.76

SPEC Euselasia rhodogyne (Godman, 1903) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia rhodogyne rhodogyne (Godman, 1903) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia rhodogyne patella Stichel, 1927

SPEC Euselasia rhodon Seitz, 1913

SPEC Euselasia rubrocilia Lathy, 1926

SPEC Euselasia rufomarginata Hall & Harvey, 2004^ref.26

SPEC Euselasia saulina Brévignon, 1996

SPEC Euselasia satyroides Lathy, 1926^ref.29

SPEC Euselasia scotinosa Stichel, 1930

SUBS Euselasia scotinosa scotinosa Stichel, 1930

SUBS Euselasia scotinosa matouryensis Brévignon & Gallard, 1993

SPEC Euselasia seitzi Lathy, 1926

SPEC Euselasia sergia (Godman & Salvin, 1885) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia subargentea (Lathy, 1904) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia tarinta (Schaus, 1902)(Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia teleclus (Stoll, 1787) (Papilio)

SPEC Euselasia tenebrosa Rodríguez, Salazar & Constantino, 2010^ref.17

SPEC Euselasia thaumata Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Euselasia thucydides (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Euselasia thucydides thucydides (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Euselasia thucydides truncata Callaghan, 2001

SPEC Euselasia thusnelda Möschler, 1883

SPEC Euselasia toppini Sharpe, 1915

SPEC Euselasia uria (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia uria uria (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia uria amapaena J. Jauffret, 2010^ref.65

SUBS Euselasia uria angustifascia Lathy, 1926

SPEC Euselasia urites (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia urites urites (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia urites eglawahe Brévignon & Gallard, 1993)

SPEC Euselasia utica (Hewitson, 1855) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia uzita (Hewitson, 1853) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia venezolana Seitz, 1913

SUBS Euselasia venezolana venezolana Seitz, 1913

SUBS Euselasia venezolana hypocala Le Cerf, 1958

SPEC Euselasia violacea Lathy, 1924

SPEC Euselasia violetta (Bates, 1868) (Eurygona)

SPEC Euselasia waponaka Brévignon, 2008^ref.76

SPEC Euselasia zara (Westwood, 1851) (Eurigona)

SPEC Euselasia zena (Hewitson, 1860) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia zena zena (Hewitson, 1860) (Eurygona)

SUBS Euselasia zena hermieri Brévignon, 1997^ref.82

GENU Hades Westwood, 1851 Type species: Hades noctula Westwood, 1851 (2 sp.)

SPEC Hades hecamede Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Hades hecamede hecamede Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Hades hecamede avicula Stichel, 1909

SUBS Hades hecamede haematites Stichel, 1909

SUBS Hades hecamede hecate Stichel, 1919

SPEC Hades noctula* Westwood, 1851

SUBF Riodininae

TRIB Eurybiini

SUBT Eurybiina (35 spp)

GENU Alesa Doubleday, 1847 Type species: Erycina prema Godart, 1824 (13 spp.)

GSYN Mimocastnia Seitz, 1913^ref.27

SPEC Alesa amesis (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SPEC Alesa amethystina Gallard & Fernandez, 2015^ref.81

SPEC Alesa beneluzi Gallard & Fernandez, 2015^ref.81

SPEC Alesa esmeralda Salazar & Constantino, 2007^ref.23

SPEC Alesa fournierae Lathy, 1958

SPEC Alesa hemiurga Bates, 1867

SPEC Alesa lipara Bates, 1867

SPEC Alesa humilis Brévignon, 2015 ^ref.10

SPEC Alesa prema* (Godart, 1824) (Erycina)

SPEC Alesa rothschildi (Seitz, 1913) (Mimocastnia)

SPEC Alesa suzana Ahrenholz & Hall, 2010^ref.22

SPEC Alesa telephae (Boisduval, 1836) (Eurybia)

SPEC Alesa thelydrias Bates, 1867

GENU Eurybia [Illiger], 1807 Type species: Lymnas halimede Hübner, 1807 (22 spp.)

SPEC Eurybia albiseriata Weymer, 1890

SUBS Eurybia albiseriata albiseriata Weymer, 1890

SUBS Eurybia albiseriata stellifera Stichel, 1910

SPEC Eurybia caerulescens Druce, 1904

SPEC Eurybia carolina Godart, 1824

SPEC Eurybia cyclopia Stichel, 1910

SUBS Eurybia cyclopia cyclopia Stichel, 1910

SUBS Eurybia cyclopia montsineryensis Brévignon, 1997

SPEC Eurybia dardus (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Eurybia dardus dardus (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Eurybia dardus annulata Stichel, 1910

SPEC Eurybia donna Felder & Felder, 1862

SPEC Eurybia elvina Stichel, 1910

SUBS Eurybia elvina elvina Stichel, 1910

SUBS Eurybia elvina emidiata Stichel, 1915

SUBS Eurybia elvina granulata Stichel, 1910

SPEC Eurybia franciscana Felder & Felder, 1862

SPEC Eurybia gonzaga Dolibaina, Dias, Mielke & Casagrande, 2014^ref.79

SPEC Eurybia halimede* (Hübner, 1807) (Limnas)

SUBS Eurybia halimede halimede (Hübner, 1807) (Limnas)

SUBS Eurybia halimede passercula Stichel, 1915

SPEC Eurybia jemima Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Eurybia jemima jemima Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Eurybia jemima sinnaces Druce, 1904

SPEC Eurybia juturna (C. Felder & R. Felder 1865)

SPEC Eurybia latifasciata (Hewitson, 1869) (Mesosemia)

SPEC Eurybia lycisca Westwood, 1851

SPEC Eurybia misellivestis Stichel, 1910

SPEC Eurybia molochina Stichel, 1910

SUBS Eurybia molochina molochina Stichel, 1910

SUBS Eurybia molochina hyacinthina Stichel, 1910

SPEC Eurybia nicaeus (Fabricius, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Eurybia nicaeus nicaeus (Fabricius, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Eurybia nicaeus erythinosa Stichel, 1910

SPEC Eurybia patrona Weymer, 1875

SUBS Eurybia patrona patrona Weymer, 1875

SUBS Eurybia patrona persona Staudinger, 1876

SUBS Eurybia patrona promota Stichel, 1910

SPEC Eurybia pergaea (Geyer, 1832) (Gonopteris)

SPEC Eurybia rubeolata Stichel, 1910

SUBS Eurybia rubeolata rubeolata Stichel, 1910

SUBS Eurybia rubeolata planaltensis Callaghan, 2001

SPEC Eurybia silaceana Stichel, 1924

SPEC Eurybia unxia Godman & Salvin, 1885

SUBT Mesosemiina (201 spp./ 143 ssp.)

SECT Eunogyra section (2 spp.)

GENU Eunogyra Westwood, 1851Type species: Eunogyra satyrus Westwood, 1851 (2spp.)

SPEC Eunogyra curupira Bates, 1868

SPEC Eunogyra satyrus* Westwood, 1851

SECT Napaea section (44 spp./ 5ssp.)

GENU Hyphilaria Hübner, [1819] Type species: Hyphilaria nicia Hübner, 1819 (3spp.)

SPEC Hyphilaria anthias (Hewitson, 1874) (Nymphidium)

SSYN Hyphilaria anthias orsedice Godman, 1903^ref.27

SPEC Hyphilaria nicia Hübner, 1819

SPEC Hyphilaria parthenis (Westwood, 1851) (Baeotis)

GENU new genus 1^ref.2(1 sp.)

SPEC Hyphilaria thasus (Stoll, 1780) (Papilio) ^ref.2

SSYN Cremna thasus subrutila Stichel, 1910^ref.27

GENU Ionotus Hall, 2005 Type species: Hamanumida alector Geyer, 1837 (1 sp.)

SPEC Ionotus alector* (Geyer, 1837) (Hamanumida)

GENU Napaea Hübner, [1819] Type species: Cremna eucharila Bates, 1867 (16 spp.)

GSYN Cremna Doubleday, 1847^ref.27 Type species: Papilio actoris Cramer, 1776

SPEC Napaea actoris (Cramer, 1776) (Papilio)

SSYN Cremna cuyabaensis (Talbot, 1928) (Cremna)

SPEC Napaea beltiana (Bates, 1867) (Cremna)

SSYN Napaea beltiana aza (Druce, 1904) (Cremna)

SSYN Napaea beltiana malis (Godman, 1903) (Cremna)

SPEC Napaea calitra (Hewitson, 1869) (Cremna)

SPEC Napaea elisae (Zikán, 1952) (Cremna)

SPEC Napaea eucharila (Bates, 1867) (Cremna)

SSYN Napaea eucharila parvipuncta Lathy, 1932

SSYN Napaea eucharila picina Stichel, 1910

SPEC Napaea fratelloi Hall & Harvey 2005^ref.27

SPEC Napaea frustatoria Brévignon, 2019^ref.85

SPEC Napaea gynaecomorpha Hall, Harvey & Gallard 2005

SPEC Napaea heteroea (Bates, 1867) (Cremna)

SPEC Napaea joinvilea Hall & Harvey, 2005^ref.27

SPEC Napaea melampia (Bates, 1867) (Cremna)

SPEC Napaea mellosa Hall & Harvey, 2005

SPEC Napaea merula (Thieme, 1907) (Cremna)

SPEC Napaea rufolimba Hall, 2005^ref.27

SPEC Napaea sylva (Möschler, 1877) (Cremna)

SPEC Napaea zikani Stichel, 1923

GENU Hermathena Hewitson, 1874 Type species: Hermathena candidata Hewitson, 1874 (3 sp.)

SPEC Hermathena candidata* Hewitson, 1874

SSYN SSYN Hermathena candidata columba Stichel, 1910^ref.27

SPEC Hermathena eburna Hall & Harvey, 2005^ref.27

SPEC Hermathena oweni Schaus, 1913

SSYN SSYN Hermathena dativa Schaus, 1928^ref.27

GENU Ithomiola Felder & Felder, 1865 Type species: Ithomiola floralis Felder & Felder, 1865 (10 spp./ 5 ssp.)

SPEC SPEC Ithomila bajotanos Hall, 2005^ref.27

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola buckleyi (Hall & Willmott, 1998) (Ithomiola)

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola calculosa Hall & Harvey, 2005^ref.27

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola callixena (Hewitson, 1870) (Compsoteria)

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola cribralis (Stichel, 1915) (Napaea)^ref.27

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola floralis* (Felder & Felder 1865) (Ithomiola)

SUBS SUBS Ithomiola floralis floralis (Felder & Felder 1865) (Ithomiola)

SUBS SUBS Ithomiola floralis cascella (Hewitson, 1870) (Compsoteria)^ref.27

SSYN Ithomiola servilia Stichel, 1915^ref.27

SUBS SUBS Ithomiola floralis celtilla (Hewitson, 1870) (Compsoteria) ^ref.27

SSYN Ithomiola rubrolineata Lathy, 1904^ref.27

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola neildi (Hall & Willmott, 1998) (Napaea)^ref.27

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola nepos (Fabricius 1793) (Hesperia)^ref.27

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola orpheus (Westwood, 1851) (Cremna)^ref.27

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola tanos (Stichel, 1910) (Napaea)^ref.27

SPEC SPEC Ithomiola theages (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Lemonias)^ref.27

SUBS SUBS Ithomiola theages theages (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Lemonias)^ref.27

SSYN Napaea theages asteria (Stichel, 1910) (Napaea)^ref.27

SUBS SUBS Ithomiola theages tessera Hall, 2005^ref.27

GENU Voltinia Stichel, 1910 Type species: Esthemopsis (?) radiata Godman & Salvin, 1886 (9 spp.)

GSYN Eucorna Strand, 1932^ref.27 Type species: Eucora sanarita Schaus, 1902

SPEC Voltinia agroeca (Stichel, 1910) (Napaea)^ref.27

SPEC Voltinia cebrenia (Hewitson, [1873]) (Cremna)^ref.27

SPEC Voltinia danforthi (Warren & Opler, 1999) (Napaea)^ref.27

SPEC Voltinia phryxe (Felder & Felder 1865) (Cremna)^ref.27

SPEC Voltinia radiata* (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Esthemopsis?)

SSYN Voltinia radiata dentata Stichel, 1910^ref.27

SPEC Voltinia sanarita (Schaus, 1902) (Eucorna)^ref.27

SPEC Voltinia theata Stichel, 1910^ref.27

SPEC Voltinia tumbesia (Hall & Lamas 2001) (Napaea)

SPEC Voltinia umbra (Boisduval, 1870) (Hypophylla)

SECT Mesosemia section (155 spp/ 138 ssp)

GENU Leucochimona Stichel, 1909 Type species: Papilio philemon Cramer, 1775 (10 spp/ 11ssp)

SPEC Leucochimona aequatorialis (Seitz, 1913) (Diophthalma)

SPEC Leucochimona anophthalma (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Diophthalma)^ref.27

SPEC Leucochimona hyphea (Cramer, 1776) (Papilio)

SUBS Leucochimona hyphea hyphea (Cramer, 1776) (Papilio)

SUBS Leucochimona hyphea pallida (Lathy, 1932) (Diopthalma)

SPEC Leucochimona icare (Hübner, 1819) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Leucochimona icare icare (Hübner, 1819) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Leucochimona icare matatha (Hewitson, 1873) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Leucochimona icare nivea (Godman & Salvin, 1885) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Leucochimona icare polita Stichel, 1910

SUBS Leucochimona icare subalbata (Seitz, 1913) (Diophthalma)

SPEC Leucochimona iphias Stichel, 1909

SPEC Leucochimona lagora (Herrich-Schäffer, 1853)(Diophthalma)

SPEC Leucochimona lepida (Godman & Salvin, 1885) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Leucochimona lepida lepida (Godman & Salvin, 1885) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Leucochimona lepida nivalis (Godman & Salvin, 1885) (Mesosemia)

SPEC Leucochimona libna Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Leucochimona matisca (Hewitson, 1860) (Mesosemia)

SPEC Leucochimona molina (Godman & Salvin, 1885) (Mesosemia)

SPEC Leucochimona vestalis (Bates, 1865) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Leucochimona vestalis vestalis (Bates, 1865) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Leucochimona vestalis leucogaea (Godman & Salvin, 1885) (Mesosemia)

GENU new genus 2 (2 spp.)

SPEC Mesosemia acuta Hewitson, 1873

SPEC Semomesia nesti (Hewitson, 1858) (Mesosemia)

GENU Mesosemia^a Hübner, [1819] Type species: Mesosemia philoclessa Hübner, 1819 (126 spp./96 ssp.)

SPEC Mesosemia ackeryi Brévignon, 1997

SPEC Mesosemia adida Hewitson, 1869

SPEC Mesosemia ahava Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia ahava ahava Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia ahava veleda Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia albipuncta Schaus, 1913

SPEC Mesosemia amarantus Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia anceps Stichel, 1915

SPEC Mesosemia antaerice Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Mesosemia araeostyla Stichel, 1915

SPEC Mesosemia asa Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia asa asa Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia asa asopis Stichel, 1909

SUBS Mesosemia asa iphigenia Stichel, 1926

SUBS Mesosemia asa mycene Hewitson, 1870

SPEC Mesosemia atachibakka Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia bahia Callaghan, 1999

SPEC Mesosemia bella Sharpe, 1890

SPEC Mesosemia carderi Druce, 1904

SPEC Mesosemia carissima Bates, 1866

SPEC Mesosemia ceropia Druce, 1874

SPEC Mesosemia cippus Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Mesosemia coelestis Godman & Salvin, 1885

SPEC Mesosemia cordillerensis Salazar & Constantino, 1993

SPEC Mesosemia cyanira Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia cymotaxis Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia decolorata Lathy, 1932

SUBS Mesosemia decolorata decolorata Lathy, 1932

SUBS Mesosemia decolorata meyi Brévignon, 1997

SPEC Mesosemia dulcis Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia ephyne (Cramer, 1776) (Papilio)

SPEC Mesosemia epidius Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Mesosemia erinnya Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia esmeralda Gallard & Brévignon, 1989

SPEC Mesosemia esperanza Schaus, 1913

SPEC Mesosemia eugenea Stichel, 1910

SUBS Mesosemia eugenea eugenea Stichel, 1910

SUBS Mesosemia eugenea pythonica Stichel, 1923

SPEC Mesosemia eumene (Cramer, 1776) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesosemia eumene eumene (Cramer, 1776) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesosemia eumene attavus Zikán 1952

SUBS Mesosemia eumene furia Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia eurythmia Stichel, 1915

SPEC Mesosemia evias Stichel, 1923

SPEC Mesosemia exilinea Gallard, 2015^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia firmitas Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia friburgensis Schaus, 1902

SPEC Mesosemia gaudiolum Bates, 1865

SPEC Mesosemia gemina Maza & Maza, 1980

SPEC Mesosemia gertraudis Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia gneris Westwood, 1851

SPEC Mesosemia grandis Druce, 1874

SPEC Mesosemia harveyi DeVries & Hall 1996

SPEC Mesosemia hedwigis Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia hesperina Butler, 1874

SUBS Mesosemia hesperina hesperina Butler, 1874

SUBS Mesosemia hesperina tenuivittata Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia hypermegala Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia ibycus Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Mesosemia impedita Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia inconspicua Lathy, 1932

SPEC Mesosemia isshia Butler 1869

SPEC Mesosemia jucunda Stichel, 1923

SPEC Mesosemia judicialis Butler, 1874

SPEC Mesosemia kahuapayani Hall & Harvey, 2004^ref.26

SPEC Mesosemia kwokii D’Abrera, 1994

SPEC Mesosemia lacernata Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia lamachus Hewitson, 1857

SPEC Mesosemia lapillus Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia latizonata Butler, 1874

SPEC Mesosemia litany Brévignon, 2019^re.85

SPEC Mesosemia loruhama Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia loruhama loruhama Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia loruhama candara Druce, 1904

SUBS Mesosemia loruhama sidonia Stichel, 1924

SPEC Mesosemia luperca Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia lycorias Stichel, 1915

SPEC Mesosemia macella Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Mesosemia machaera Hewitson, 1860

SUBS Mesosemia machaera machaera Hewitson, 1860

SUBS Mesosemia machaera dealbata Stichel, 1910

SUBS Mesosemia machaera salesiana Zikán 1952

SPEC Mesosemia macrina (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Diophthalma)

SUBS Mesosemia macrina macrina (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865)

SUBS Mesosemia macrina henaoi Salazar, Constantino & Rodríguez, 2009^ref.25

SUBS Mesosemia macrina sticheli Constantino, Salazar & Rodríguez, 2009^ref.25

SPEC Mesosemia maeotis Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia maeotis maeotis Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia maeotis amicula Stichel, 1915

SPEC Mesosemia magete Hewitson, 1860

SUBS Mesosemia magete magete Hewitson, 1860

SUBS Mesosemia magete bersabana Stichel, 1910

SUBS Mesosemia magete humboldtiana Rodríguez, Salazar & Constantino, 2009^ref.25

SPEC Mesosemia mamilia Hewitson, 1870

SPEC Mesosemia mancia Hewitson, 1870

SPEC Mesosemia mathania Schaus, 1902

SPEC Mesosemia mayi Lathy, 1958

SPEC Mesosemia meeda Hewitson, 1858

SPEC Mesosemia mehida Hewitson, 1869

SPEC Mesosemia melaene Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia melaene melaene Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia melaene pinguilenta Stichel, 1915

SPEC Mesosemia melese Hewitson, 1860

SPEC Mesosemia melpia Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia melpia melpia Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia melpia vaporosa Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia menoetes Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia menoetes menoetes Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia menoetes mennonia Stichel, 1909

SUBS Mesosemia menoetes paetula Stichel, 1915

SUBS Mesosemia menoetes pulverulenta Brévignon, 1997

SPEC Mesosemia mesoba Hewitson, [1873]

SPEC Mesosemia messeis Hewitson, 1860

SUBS Mesosemia messeis messeis Hewitson, 1860

SUBS Mesosemia messeis amona Hewitson, 1876

SUBS Mesosemia messeis itoupensis Gallard & Fernandez, 2012^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia methion Hewitson, 1860

SUBS Mesosemia methion methion Hewitson, 1860

SUBS Mesosemia methion maera Hewitson, [1873]

SPEC Mesosemia metope Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia metope metope Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia metope pruinosa Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia metuana (Felder & Felder 1865) (Diophthalma)

SUBS Mesosemia metuana metuana (Felder & Felder 1865) (Diophthalma)

SUBS Mesosemia metuana glaucoma Stichel, 1909

SUBS Mesosemia metuana vargasi Salazar, Rodríguez & Constantino, 2009^ref.25

SPEC Mesosemia metura Hewitson, [1873]

SUBS Mesosemia metura metura Hewitson, [1873]

SUBS Mesosemia metura polyglauca Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia mevania Hewitson, [1857]

SUBS Mesosemia mevania mevania Hewitson, [1857]<

SUBS Mesosemia mevania magnessa Stichel, 1909

SUBS Mesosemia mevania mimallonis Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia minos Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia minos minos Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia minos guaramiranga P. Jauffret, J. Jauffret & Pessôa^ref.51

SUBS Mesosemia minos modica Stichel, 1910

SUBS Mesosemia minos tetrophthalma Stichel, 1915

SUBS Mesosemia minos orarius Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia minutula Gallard, 1996

SPEC Mesosemia misipsa Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia misipsa misipsa Hewitson, 1859

SUBS Mesosemia misipsa carapa Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia modulata Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia moesia Hewitson, [1857]

SPEC Mesosemia mosera Hewitson, 1860

SPEC Mesosemia mustela Hewitson, 1870^ref.25

SUBS Mesosemia mustela mustela Hewitson, 1870^ref.25

SUBS Mesosemia mustela henaoi Salazar, Constantino & Rodríguez, 2009^ref.25

SPEC Mesosemia myonia Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Mesosemia myrmecias Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia naiadella Stichel, 1909

SUBS Mesosemia naiadella naiadella Stichel, 1909

SUBS Mesosemia naiadella dryadella Stichel, 1909

SUBS Mesosemia naiadella oreas Stichel, 1915

SPEC Mesosemia naliniae Brévignon, 2015^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia nerine Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia nyctea (Hoffmannsegg, 1818) (Emesis)

SUBS Mesosemia nyctea nyctea (Hoffmannsegg, 1818) (Emesis)

SUBS Mesosemia nyctea fluminensis Zikán, 1952

SUBS Mesosemia nyctea lato Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia nympharena Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia odice (Godart, [1824]) (Erycina)

SPEC Mesosemia olivencia Bates, 1868

SPEC Mesosemia orbona Godman 1903

SUBS Mesosemia orbona orbona Godman 1903

SUBS Mesosemia orbona caballina Brévignon, 1997

SPEC Mesosemia ozora Hewitson, 1869

SPEC Mesosemia pacifica Stichel, 1926

SPEC Mesosemia patientia Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia perspicacitas Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia pardalis Callaghan, 2001

SPEC Mesosemia phace Godman, 1903

SPEC Mesosemia philocles* (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesosemia philocles philocles (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesosemia philocles egabella Bates, 1868

SUBS Mesosemia philocles jeziela Butler, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia philocles laetifica Bates, 1868

SUBS Mesosemia philocles limbata Stichel, 1915

SUBS Mesosemia philocles sylvia Druce, 1878

SUBS Mesosemia philocles thyestes Druce, 1878

SUBS Mesosemia porce Rodríguez, Constantino & Salazar, 2009^ref.25

SPEC Mesosemia portentosa Salazar, Constantino & Rodríguez, 2009^ref.25

SPEC Mesosemia praeculta Stichel, 1910

SUBS Mesosemia praeculta praeculta Stichel, 1910

SUBS Mesosemia praeculta colombiana Salazar, Rodríguez & Constantino, 2009^ref.25

SPEC Mesosemia putli Seitz, 1913

SPEC Mesosemia quadralineata Hall & Harvey, 2004^ref.26

SPEC Mesosemia reba Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia reba reba Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia reba agnilata Dognin, 1893

SPEC Mesosemia rhodia (Godart, [1824]) (Erycina)

SPEC Mesosemia sagacitas Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia scotina Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia sibyllina Staudinger [1887]

SPEC Mesosemia sifia (Boisduval, 1836) (Diophtalma)

SPEC Mesosemia sirenia Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia steli Hewitson, 1858

SPEC Mesosemia synnephis Stichel, 1909

SPEC Mesosemia sylvina Bates, 1868^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia telegone (Boisduval, 1836) (Diophtalma)

SUBS Mesosemia telegone telegone (Boisduval, 1836) (Diophtalma)

SUBS Mesosemia telegone amiana Felder & Felder, 1861

SUBS Mesosemia telegone paramba Druce, 1904

SPEC Mesosemia tenacitas Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia tenebricosa Hewitson, 1877

SUBS Mesosemia tenebricosa tenebricosa Hewitson, 1877

SUBS Mesosemia tenebricosa anica Druce, 1904

SUBS Mesosemia tenebricosa serenata Stichel, 1923

SPEC Mesosemia teulem Brévignon, 1995

SPEC Mesosemia thera Godman, 1903

SPEC Mesosemia thetys Godman & Salvin, 1885

SPEC Mesosemia thyas Stichel, 1910

SPEC Mesosemia thymetus (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesosemia thymetus thymetus (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesosemia thymetus thymetina Butler, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia thymetus umbrosa Stichel, 1909^ref.25

SSYN Mesosemia subtilis Stichel, 1909^j

SPEC Mesosemia ulrica (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesosemia ulrica ulrica (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesosemia ulrica messala Hewitson, 1870

SPEC Mesosemia ungulata Stichel, 1915ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia vemania Constantino, Salazar & Rodríguez, 2009

SPEC Mesosemia veneris Butler, 1871

SPEC Mesosemia vigilantia Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia walteri Brévignon, 1998

SUBS Mesosemia walteri walteri Brévignon, 1998

SUBS Mesosemia walteri serenitas Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Mesosemia zanoa Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia zanoa zanoa Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia zanoa orthia Stichel, 1915

SPEC Mesosemia zikla Hewitson, 1869

SPEC Mesosemia zonalis Godman & Salvin, 1885

SUBS Mesosemia zonalis zonalis Godman & Salvin, 1885

SUBS Mesosemia zonalis gorgoniensis Constantino, Rodríguez & Salazar, 2009

SPEC Mesosemia zorea Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia zorea zorea Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Mesosemia zorea chocoensis Salazar, Rodríguez & Constantino, 2009

SUBS Mesosemia zorea toparcha Stichel, 1910

GENU Perophthalma^a Westwood, 1851 Type species: Mesosemia (Perophthalma) tenera Westwood, 1851 (3 spp.)

SPEC Perophthalma lasciva Stichel, 1929

SPEC Perophthalma lasus Westwood, 1851

SPEC Perophthalma tullius* (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

GENU Mesophthalma^a Westwood, 1851 Type species: Mesosemia (Mesophthalma) idotea Westwood, 1851. (2 spp.)

SPEC Mesophthalma idotea* Westwood, 1851

SPEC Mesophthalma mirita (Herrich-Schäffer, 1853) (Diophthalma)

GENU Semomesia^a Westwood, 1851 Type species: Papilio croesus Fabricius, 1776 (9 spp./ 18 ssp.)

SPEC Semomesia alyattes Zikán, 1952

SUBS Semomesia alyattes alyattes Zikán, 1952

SUBS Semomesia alyattes cecilae Gallard, 1997

SUBS Semomesia alyattes fassli P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2009^ref.55

SPEC Semomesia capanea (Cramer, 1779) (Papilio)

SUBS Semomesia capanea capanea (Cramer, 1779) (Papilio)

SUBS Semomesia capanea ionima Stichel, 1910

SUBS Semomesia capanea sodalis Stichel, 1919

SPEC Semomesia croesus* (Fabricius, 1776) (Papilio)

SUBS Semomesia croesus croesus (Fabricius, 1776) (Papilio)

SUBS Semomesia croesus lacrimosa Stichel, 1915

SUBS Semomesia croesus meana (Hewitson, 1858) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Semomesia croesus siccata Stichel, 1919)

SUBS Semomesia croesus trilineata (Butler, 1874) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Semomesia croesus undosa Stichel, 1919

SPEC Semomesia geminus (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SPEC Semomesia macaris (Hewitson 1859) (Mesosemia)

SPEC Semomesia marisa (Hewitson, 1858) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Semomesia marisa marisa (Hewitson, 1858) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Semomesia marisa hewitsoni Stichel, 1915

SPEC Semomesia tenella Stichel, 1910

SUBS Semomesia tenella tenella Stichel, 1910

SUBS Semomesia tenella aetherea Stichel, 1910

SUBS Semomesia tenella lucana Stichel, 1924

SUBS Semomesia tenella optima Stichel, 1915

SPEC Semomesia wallacei P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2009^ref.55

GENU Teratophthalma^b Stichel, 1909 Type species: Mesosemia phelina Felder & Felder, 1862 (5 spp./ 13 ssp.)

SPEC Teratophthalma axilla (Druce, 1904) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma axilla axilla (Druce, 1904) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma axilla lactifusa Stichel, 1910

SUBS Teratophthalma axilla vegeta Stichel, 1910

SPEC Teratophthalma bacche (Seitz, 1916) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma bacche bacche (Seitz, 1916) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma bacche adulter Stichel, 1929

SPEC Teratophthalma maenades (Hewitson, 1858) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma maenades maenades (Hewitson, 1858) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma maenades coronata Stichel, 1915

SUBS Teratophthalma maenades marsena (Hewitson, 1869) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma maenades marsidia (Hewitson, 1869) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma maenades polyplusia Stichel, 1910

SPEC Teratophthalma monochroma Stichel, 1910

SPEC Teratophthalma phelina* (Felder & Felder, 1862) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma phelina phelina (Felder & Felder, 1862) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma phelina analoga (Seitz, 1916) (Mesosemia)

SUBS Teratophthalma phelina vicina Stichel, 1926

TRIB Nymphidiini

SUBT Zabuellina (10 spp)

GENU Zabuella Stichel, 1911 Type species: Lemonias tenellus Burmeister, 1878 ^t

SPEC Zabuella tenellus* (Burmeister, 1878) TL: Córdoba, Argentina

SSYN = notia (Hayward, 1949) TL: Villa Ana, Argentina

SSYN = zabua (Gosse, 1880) TL: Goya, Argentina

SPEC Zabuella castanea (Prittwitz, 1865)^{ref.2 t}

GENU Teenie Grishin, 2021 Type species: Calydna tinea ^ref.90

SPEC Teenie tinea (Bates, 1868) (Calydna) TL: Belém, Brazil ^ref.90

SSYN = eudocia (Godman & Salvin, 1897) (Lemonias) TL: Colima, Mexico ^ref.90

SPEC Teenie argiella (Bates, 1868) (Calydna)TL: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ^ref.90

GENU Hallonympha Penz & DeVries, 2006 Type species: Apodemia paucipuncta Spitz, 1930^{ref.63, ref.90}

SPEC Hallonympha paucipuncta* (Spitz, 1930) TL: Araguari, MG, Brazil ^{ref.63, ref.90}

SSYN = laisae (P. Jauffret, J. Jauffret & Pessôa, 2008) TL: Umbuaçu, Brasil^{ref.51, ref.63, ref.90}

SSYN = medensis (Callaghan, 1979) TL: Serra da Moeda, Brazil ^{ref.63, ref.90}

SPEC Hallonympha maculosa (Bates, 1868) (Calydna) ^ref.90

SUBT Stalachtina  (10 spp)

GENU Stalachtis Hübner, 1818 Type species: Stalachtis phaedusa Hübner, 1818

SPEC Stalachtis calliope (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)

SUBS Stalachtis calliope calliope (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)

SUBS Stalachtis calliope bicoler Staudinger, 1887

SUBS Stalachtis calliope voltumna Stichel, 1911

SPEC Stalachtis eugenia (Crammer, 1777) (Papilio)^ref.40

SUBS Stalachtis eugenia eugenia (Crammer, 1777) (Papilio)^ref.40

SUBS Stalachtis eugenia therpsicore Brévignon & Gallard, 1999^ref.82

SPEC Stalachtis euterpe (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)

SUBS Stalachtis euterpe euterpe (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)

SUBS Stalachtis euterpe adelpha Staudinger, 1888

SUBS Stalachtis euterpe latefasciata Staudinger, 1888

SPEC Stalachtis halloweeni Hall, 2006^ref.35

SPEC Stalachtis lineata (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) (Nerias)

SPEC Stalachtis magdalena (Westwood, 1851) (Stalactis)

SUBS Stalachtis magdalena magdalena (Westwood, 1851) (Stalactis)

SUBS Stalachtis magdalena cleove Staudinger, 1888

SPEC Stalachtis phaedusa* (Hübner, 1813) (Nerëis)

SUBS Stalachtis phaedusa phaedusa (Hübner, 1813) (Nerëis)

SUBS Stalachtis phaedusa duvalii (Perty, 1833) (Heliconius)

SUBS Stalachtis phaedusa exul Seitz, 1917

SUBS Stalachtis phaedusa phaloe Staudinger, 1887

SUBS Stalachtis phaedusa trangeri Schaus, 1928

SUBS Stalachtis phaedusa zephyritis (Dalman, 1823) (Papilio)

SPEC Stalachtis phlegia (Cramer, 1779) (Papilio)

SUBS Stalachtis phlegia phlegia (Cramer, 1779) (Papilio)

SUBS Stalachtis phlegia nocticoelum Seitz, 1917

SUBS Stalachtis phlegia phlegetontia (Perty, 1833) (Acraea)

SUBS Stalachtis phlegia susanna (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Stalachtis phlegia venezolana Seitz, 1917

GENU Protonymphidia Hall, 2000 Type species: Lemonias senta Hewitson, 1853

SPEC Protonymphidia senta* (Hewitson, 1853) (Lemonias)

SUBT Pachythonina (33 spp)

GENU Pachythone H. W. Bates, 1868 Type species: Pachythone erebia Bates, 1868

GSYN Pixus Callaghan, 1982^ref.63 Type species: Nymphidium corculum Stichel, 1929

GSYN Lamphiotes Callaghan, 1982 (1 sp)^ref.63,l Type species: Nymula velazquezi Beutelspacher, 1976

SPEC Pachythone analuciae Hall, Furtado & DeVries, 1999

SPEC Pachythone bicolor (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Lepricornis)^ref.49

SPEC Pachythone conspersa Stichel, 1926

SSYN = trinitatis (Lathy, 1932) (Echenais) (previously in Adelotypa)^ref.63

SPEC Pachythone crespusculi Gallard & Fernandez, 2017 ^ref.8

SPEC Pachythone distigma Bates, 1868

SPEC Pachythone erebia* Bates, 1868

SUBS Pachythone erebia erebia* Bates, 1868

SUBS Pachythone erebia thalassina Vargas & Salazar, 2017^ref.41

SPEC Pachythone gigas Godman & Salvin, 1878

SUBS Pachythone gigas gigas Godman & Salvin, 1878

SUBS Pachythone gigas ignifer Stichel, 1911

SUBS Pachythone gigas nigriciliata Schaus, 1913

SPEC Pachythone lateritia Bates, 1868

SUBS Pachythone lateritia lateritia Bates, 1868

SUBS Pachythone lateritia bourda (Gallard 1998) (Pachitone)

SUBS Pachythone lateritia coccineata (Kaye, 1904) (Cricosoma)

SPEC Pachythone mimula Bates, 1868

SPEC Pachythone palades Hewitson, 1873

SPEC Pachythone pasicles Hewitson, 1873

SPEC Pachythone philonis Hewitson, 1873

SPEC Pachythone robusta Lathy, 1932

SPEC Pachythone rubigo (Bates, 1868) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Pachythone sumare Callaghan, 1999

SPEC Pachythone strati Kaye, 1925 (Nymphidium)^ref.63

SSYN = corculum (Stichel, 1929) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Pachythone thaumaria Stichel, 1911

SPEC Pachythone xanthe Bates 1868

SPEC Pachythone velazquezi (Beutelspacher, 1976) (Nymula)^ref.63

GENU Pseudonymphidia Callaghan, 1985 (2 sp) Type species: Emesis clearista Butler, 1871

SPEC Pseudonymphidia agave (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Lemonias)

SUBS Pseudonymphidia agave agave (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Lemonias)

SUBS Pseudonymphidia agave leucogonia (Stichel, 1911) (Anatole)

SPEC Pseudonymphidia clearista* (Butler, 1871) (Emesis)

GENU Roeberella Strand, 1932 Type species: Lemonias calvus Staudinger, 1887

SPEC Roeberella calvus* (Staudinger, 1887) (Lemonias)

SPEC Roeberella flocculus Brévignon & Gallard, 1993

SPEC Roeberella floccus Brévignon, 2013^ref.82

SPEC Roeberella gerres (Thieme, 1907) (Drepanula)

SPEC Roeberella lencates (Hewitson, 1875) (Lemonias)

GENU Machaya^l Hall & Willmott, 1995 (1 sp) Type species: Machaya obstinata Hall & Willmott, 1995 ^y

SPEC Machaya aenigmatica Rodríguez, Salazar & Constantino, 2010^ref.17

SPEC Machaya obstinata* Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Machaya watkinsi (D’Abrera, 1994) (originally in Ematurgina)^ref.5

GENU Minstrellus^l Hall, 2007 (4 spp) Type species: Ematurgina leucotopus Stichel, 1911

SPEC Minstrellus emphatica (Stichel, 1911)(Ematurgina)^ref.5

SSYN Minstrellus albovata (Stichel, 1929) (Ematurgina)^ref.5

SSYN Minstrellus candida (Le Cerf, 1958) (Ematurgina)^ref.5

SPEC Minstrellus grandis (Callaghan, 1999) (Ematurgina)^ref.5

SPEC Minstrellus leucotopus* (Stichel, 1911) (Ematurgina)^ref.5

SPEC Minstrellus nivosa (Stichel, 1929) (Ematurgina)^ref.5

SUBT Theopina (79 spp)

GENU Theope E. Doubleday, 1847 Type species: Polyommatus terambus Godart, 1824

SPEC Theope acosma Stichel, 1910

SPEC Theope amicitiae Hall, Gallard & Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Theope antanitis (Hewitson, 1874) (Lemonias)

SPEC Theope apheles Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope archimedes (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Theope archimedes archimedes (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Theope archimedes zyzyxoxyx D’Abrera, 1994

SPEC Theope atima Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope aureonitens Bates, 1868

SUBS Theope aureonitens aureonitens Bates, 1868

SUBS Theope aureonitens gratilis Brévignon, 2011^ref.71

SPEC Theope azurea Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope bacenis Schaus, 1890

SPEC Theope barea Godman & Salvin, 1878

SPEC Theope basilea Bates, 1866

SPEC Theope batesi Hall 1998

SUBS Theope batesi batesi Hall 1998

SUBS Theope batesi yiyi Brévignon, 2011^ref.69

SPEC Theope brevignoni (Gallard, 1996) (Parnes)

SPEC Theope busbyi Hall, 1998

SPEC Theope campinensis P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2009^ref.53

SPEC Theope caroli Brévignon, 2011^ref.69

SPEC Theope cmielkei P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2009^ref.53

SPEC Theope christiani Hall & Willmott, 1999

SPEC Theope christophi P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2009^ref.53

SUBS Theope christophi christophi P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2009

SUBS Theope christophi rorota Brévignon, 2011^ref.69

SPEC Theope comosa Stichel, 1911

SPEC Theope cratylus Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Theope dabrerae Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Theope decorata Godman & Salvin, 1878

SPEC Theope devriesi Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Theope discus Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope ebara Brévignon, 2011^ref.71

SPEC Theope ernestinae Brévignon, 2011^ref.69

SPEC Theope eudocia Westwood, 1851

SPEC Theope eupolis Schaus, 1890

SPEC Theope eurygonina Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope euselasina Hall, 2008^ref.36

SPEC Theope excelsa Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope fayneli Gallard, 2002

SSYN Theope fayneli minimus Gallard, 2002^ref.36

SPEC Theope fernandezi Brévignon, 2011^ref.69

SPEC Theope foliolum Brévignon, 2011^ref.69

SPEC Theope foliorum Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope francisi Brévignon, 2010^ref.73

SPEC Theope galionicus Gallard & Brévignon, 1989

SPEC Theope guillaumei Gallard, 1996

SUBS Theope guillaumei guillaumei Gallard, 1996

SUBS Theope guillaumei cecropia DeVries & Hall, 1996

SPEC Theope harrisi Hall, 2008^ref.36

SPEC Theope hypoleuca Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope iani Willmott & Hall, 1994

SPEC Theope janus Bates, 1867

SPEC Theope johannispetreus Brévignon, 2010^ref.73

SPEC Theope kingi Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Theope klagesi J. Jauffret, 2010 ^ref.66

SPEC Theope lampropteryx Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope leucanthe Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope lichyi Brévignon, 2011^ref.69

SPEC Theope lycaenina Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope martinae Brévignon, 2010^ref.73

SUBS Theope martinae martinae Brévignon, 2010^ref.73

SUBS Theope martinae iquitoensis Brévignon, 2010^ref.73

SPEC Theope matuta Godman & Salvin, 1897

SUBS Theope matuta matuta Godman & Salvin, 1897

SUBS Theope matuta heureka Hall 1999

SPEC Theope maues P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2009 ^ref.53

SPEC Theope methemona Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope minialba Gallard, 2006^ref.36

SPEC Theope mundula Stichel, 1926

SPEC Theope nobilis Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope nodosus Hall, 1999

SPEC Theope nycteis (Westwood 1851) (Parnes)

SPEC Theope orphana (Stichel, 1911) (Dinoplotis)

SPEC Theope pakitza Hall & Harvey, 1998

SUBS Theope pakitza pakitza Hall & Harvey, 1998

SUBS Theope pakitza frejoense P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2010^ref.64

SPEC Theope palambala Gallard 2009^ref.75

SPEC Theope pedias Herrich-Schäffer, 1853

SPEC Theope pepo Willmott & Hall, 1994

SPEC Theope phaeo Prittwitz, 1865

SPEC Theope philotes (Westwood, 1851) (Parnes)

SPEC Theope pierreli J. Jauffret, 2010 ^ref.66

SPEC Theope pieridoides Felder & Felder, 1865

SPEC Theope pseudopedias Hall, 1999

SPEC Theope publius Felder & Felder, 1861

SUBS Theope publius publius Felder & Felder, 1861

SUBS Theope publius incompositus Hall, 1999

SPEC Theope rochambellus Brévignon, 2010^ref.72

SPEC Theope sanjuani D’Abrera, 1994

SPEC Theope sericea Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope shaphir Brévignon, 2009^ref.70

SPEC Theope simplicia Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope sisemina Seitz, 1920

SUBS Theope sisemina sisemina Seitz, 1920

SUBS Theope sisemina tabacona Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Theope sobrina Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope speciosa Godman & Salvin, 1897

SPEC Theope sticheli Hall, 1998

SUBS Theope sticheli sticheli Hall, 1998

SUBS Theope sticheli reductor Brévignon, 2011^ref.69

SPEC Theope syngenes Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope terambus* (Godart, 1824) (Polyommatus)

SPEC Theope tetrastigma Bates, 1868

SPEC Theope tetrastigmoides Hall, 2008^ref.36

SPEC Theope theritas Hewitson, 1860

SPEC Theope thestias Hewitson, 1860

SPEC Theope thootes Hewitson, 1860

SPEC Theope turneri Hall & Austin, 1997

SPEC Theope villai Beutelspacher, 1981

SPEC Theope virgilius (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SPEC Theope wallacei Hall, 1998

SPEC Theope zafaran Brévignon, 2011^ref.71

SPEC Theope zostera Bates, 1868

GENU Pseudotinea Hall & Callaghan, 2003 Type species: Calydna volcanicus Callaghan & Salazar, 1997

SPEC Pseudotinea volcanicus (Callaghan & Salazar, 1997) (Calydna)

SPEC Pseudotinea eiselei Callaghan & Hall, 2003

SPEC Pseudotinea gagarini Callaghan & Hall, 2003

SPEC Pseudotinea hemis (Schaus, 1927) (Calydna)

SPEC Pseudotinea caprina (Hewitson, 1859) (Calydna)

GENU Petrocerus Callaghan, 1979 (1 sp) ^ref.90

SPEC Petrocerus catiena (Hewitson, 1875)* (Calydna)

SUBT Nymphidiina (41 spp)

GENU Catocyclotis Stichel, 1911 Type species: Hesperia aemulius Fabricius, 1793

SGEN Harveyope Penz & DeVries, 2006 Type species: Lemonias zerna Hewitson, 1872^ref.63

SGEN Mycastor Callaghan, 1983 Type species: Nymphidium leucarpis Stichel, 1925^ref.63

SPEC Catocyclotis adelina (Butler, 1872) TL: Cartago, Costa Rica

SPEC Catocyclotis aemulius* (Fabricius, 1793) TL: “Indiies”

SSYN = hemixanthe (Felder & Felder, 1865) TL: Brazil

SPEC Catocyclotis curulis (Hewitson, 1874)^ref.2 TL: Bolivia

SSYN = mellita (Thieme, 1907) TL:Santa Inéz, Ecuador

SPEC Catocyclotis densemaculata (Hewitson, 1870)^ref.63 TL: Curaray, Ecuador (previously in Harveyope)

SSYN = debilis (Godman & Salvin, 1878) TL: Chontales, Nicaragua

SPEC Catocyclotis elpinice (Godman, 1903) TL: Fusagasugá, Colombia

SPEC Catocyclotis glauca (Godman & Salvin, 1886^ref.63 TL: Cachí, Costa Rica (previously in Harveyope)

SPEC Catocyclotis leucarpis (Stichel, 1925)^ref.63 (Nymphidium) TL: Campo Belo, S.E. Brazil (previously type of Mycastor)

SPEC Catocyclotis malca (Schaus, 1902)^ref.63 (Lemonias) TL: Castro, S.E., Brazil (previously in Adelotypa)

SPEC Catocyclotis marmoreus Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL: Passa Quatro, MG, Brazil

SPEC Catocyclotis sejuncta (Stichel, 1910)^ref.63 TL: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (previously in Harveyope)

SPEC Catocyclotes wiltoni Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL: Lumbaquí, Ecuador

SPEC Catocyclotis zerna (Hewitson, 1872)^{ref.63 TL: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (previously type of Harveyope)}

SSYN = andresi (Rodríguez, Salazar & Constantino, 2011)^{ref.17 ref.63} TL: El Retiro, Colombia

SSYN = luteonaevia (Stichel, 1911) TL: Río Zongo, Bolivia

GENU Nymphidium Fabricius, 1807 Type species: Papilio caricae Linnaeus, 1758

SPEC Nymphidium acherois (Boiduval, 1836) (Desmozona) TL: Cayenne, French Guiana

SSYN = erymanthus Ménétriés, 1855^ref.63 TL: Minas Gerais, Brazil

SSYN = perixantha Stichel, 1926^ref.63 TL: Rio Mucuri, MG, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium ariari Callaghan, 1988 TL: Río Ariari, Colombia

SPEC Nymphidium aurum Callaghan, 1985 TL: Manaca-Puru, AM, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium azanoides Butler, 1867 TL: “Brazil”

SUBS Nymphidium azanoides azanoides Butler, 1867 TL: “Brazil”

SSYN = occidentalis Callaghan, 1986 TL: Piña, Panama

SUBS Nymphidium azanoides amazonensis Callaghan, 1986 TL: São Paulo de Olivença, AM, Brazil

SSYN = vicocea J. Jauffret, 2011^ref.63 TL: Viçosa do Ceará, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium baeotia Hewitson, [1853] TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium balbinus Staudinger, [1887 TL: Río San Juan, Colombia

SSYN = smalli Callaghan, 1999^ref.63 TL: Cerro Jefe, Panama

SPEC Nymphidium cachrus (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio) TL: Cayenne, Franch Guiana

SSYN = ascolia Hewitson, [1853]^{ref.63, r} TL: Amazon, Brazil

SSYN = augea Druce, 1904^ref.63 TL: La Paz [province], Bolivia

SSYN = ascolides (Boisduval, 1870)^ref.63 TL: Honduras

SSYN = damaena (Hübner, [1819])^ref.63 TL: Surinam

SSYN = damon (Stoll, 1790)^ref.63 TL: Surinam

SPEC Nymphidium callaghani Brévignon, 1999 TL: Orapu, Roura, French Guiana

SPEC Nymphidium caricae* (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio) TL: “Americas”

SUBS Nymphidium caricae caricae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio) TL: “Americas”

SSYN = badia Stichel, 1929^ref.63 TL: no data

SSYN = goiacensis Callaghan, 2001^ref.63 TL: Juçara, GO, Brazil

SSYN = multochrea Kaye, 1919^ref.63 TL: Igarapé-açú, PA, Brazil

SSYN = parthenium Stichel, 1924^ref.63 TL: Río Mulato, Mocoa, Colombia

SUBS Nymphidium caricae erubescens Stichel, 1929 TL: Río Guianía, Venezuela

SSYN = tenuelineata Aurivilliius, 1929^ref.63 TL: Taraquá, AM. Brazil

SSYN = undulata Bryk, 1953^ref.63 TL: Rio Papurí, AM, Brazil

SUBS Nymphidium caricae trinidadi Callaghan, 1999^ref.63 TL: Arima, Trinidad

SPEC Nymphidium carmentis Stichel, 1910 TL: Yungas de La Paz, Bolivia

SSYN = major Lathy, 1932^ref.63 TL: Ecuador

SPEC Nymphidium chimborazium Bates, 1868 TL: Chimborazo [province], Ecuador

SPEC Nymphidium chione Bates, 1867 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = heliotis Bates, 1868^ref.63 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SSYN = jacarequara J. Jauffret, 2011^ref.63 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = undimargo Seitz, 1917^ref.63 TL: Cuiabá, MT, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium colleti Gallard, 2008^ref.68 TL: Mont Grand Matoury, French Guiana

SPEC Nymphidium fulminans Bates, 1868 TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SUBS Nymphidium fulminans fulminans Bates, 1868 TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SUBS Nymphidium fulminans sardinata Callaghan, 1985 TL: Ciénaga de Sardinata, Colombia

SPEC Nymphidium guyanensis Gallard & Brévignon, 1989 TL: Maripasoula, French Guiana

SPEC Nymphidium haematostictum Godman & Salvin, 1878 TL: Río Candelaria, Panama

SPEC Nymphidium hermieri Gallard, 2008^ref.68

SPEC Nymphidium lenocinium Schaus, 1913 TL: La Florida, Costa Rica

SSYN = albicans Stichel, 1931^ref.63 TL: Río San Ruan, Colombia

SSYN = albicaus Stichel, 1929^ref.63 TL: Río San Ruan, Colombia

SSYN = chiriquemsis Lathy, 1932^ref.63 TL: Chiquirí, Panama

SPEC Nymphidium leucosia (Hübner, [1806]) (Limnas) TL: Brazil

SSYN = quinquemaculata (Menguel, 1913)^ref.63 TL: “Neiva, Colombia”

SSYN = separata Lathy, 1932^ref.63 TL: Castro, PR, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium lisimon (Stoll, 1790) (Papilio) TL: Surinam

SSYN = attenuatum Stichel, 1929^ref.63 TL: Bahia, Brazil

SSYN = epiplatea Butler 1867^ref.63 TL: Pernambuco, Brazil

SSYN = hesperinum Stichel, 1911^ref.63 TL: Pozuzo, Peru

SSYN = lisimaena (Hübner, [1819])^ref.63 TL: Surinam

SSYN = platea Westwood, 1851^ref.63 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium manicorensis Callaghan, 1985 TL: Manicorá, AM, BR

SSYN = caoensis Brévignon, 1999^ref.63 TL: Cacao, Roura, French Guiana

SPEC Nymphidium mantus (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio) TL: Berbice, Guiana

SSYN = mante (Hübner, [1819]) TL: Berbice, Guiana

SSYN = thryptica Stichel, 1911 TL: Puerto Cabello, Venezuela

SPEC Nymphidium medusa H. Druce, 1904^ref.63 TL: Río Colorado, Peru

SUBS Nymphidium medusa medusa H. Druce, 1904^ref.63 TL: Río Colorado, Peru

SSYN = galactina Stichel, 1911^ref.63 TL: Itaituba, Brazil

SSYN = galactina Seitz, 1917^ref.63 TL: Itaituba, Brazil

SUBS Nymphiduim medusa semiramis Stichel, 1924^ref.63 TL: “Río Yaculá, Colombia”

SPEC Nymphidium menalcus (Stoll, 1782) (Papilio) TL: Surinam

SSYN = blakei Weeks, 1906 TL: Suapure, Venezuela

SSYN = leucidiodes Seitz, 1917 TL: Cayenne, French Guiana

SSYN = menalcis (Hübner, [1819]) TL: Surinam

SSYN = onoba Hewitson, 1865 TL: Cayenne, French Guiana

SPEC Nymphidium minuta H. Druce, 1904^ref.63 TL: Bartica, Guyana

SSYN = nivea Talbot, 1928^ref.63 TL: Cuiabá, MT, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium nealces (Hewitson, 1871)^ref.2 (Nymphidium) TL: Cayenne, French Guiana

SSYN = amoenum (Stichel, 1929)(Nymphidium)^ref.63 TL: Manicoré, AM, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium ninias Hewitson, 1865 TL: Amazon

SSYN = eutrapela Bates, 1868 TL: Tonantins, AM, Brazil

SSYN = stibopteris Butler, 1877 TL: Fonte Boa, AM, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium olinda Bates, 1865 TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium omois Hewitson, 1865 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium onaeum Hewitson, 1869 TL: Nicaragua

SPEC Nymphidium plinthobaphis Stichel, 1910 TL: Río Chuchurras, Río Palcazu, Peru

SSYN = carissima Stichel, 1910 TL: Amazon

SSYN = erythraicum Stichel, 1910^ref.63 TL: Manicorá, AM, Brazil

SPEC Nymphidium pseudominuta Hall, 2018 TL: Napo, Finca San Carlo, Ecuador^ref.63 TL: Napo, Finca San Carlo, Ecuador

SPEC Nymphidium robiginosum Stichel, 1929^ref.63 TL: upper Amazon

SSYN = latibrunis Callaghan, 1985 TL: Limoncocha, Ecuador

SPEC Nymphidium scurrilis Stichel, 1929^ref.63 TL: Yurimaguas, Peru

SPEC Nymphidium velatum Stichel, 1914^ref.63 TL: Puerto Bermúdez, Peru

SSYN = derufata Lathy, 1932^ref.63 TL: Paramaribo, Surinam

SSYN = derufata Callaghan, 1985^ref.63 TL: Paramaribo, Surinam

Subtribe: Pandemina  (97 spp)

GENU Parvospila Hall, 2018^ref.63 Type species: Papilio emylius Cramer, 1775

Comment: species previously treated in Calospila also recovered by molecular phylogenetics.

SPEC Parvospila asteria (Stichel, 1911) (Polystichtis)ref.63 TL: Río San Ruan Colombia

SPEC Parvospila cilissa (Hewitson, 1863) (Lemonias)ref.63 TL: Nicaragua

SPEC Parvospila emylius* (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)ref.63 TL: Surinam

SSYN = crispa (Hübner, [1819]) (Echenais) TL: Surinam

SSYN = crispinella (Stichel, 1911) (Polystichtis)ref.63 TL: Pozuzo, Peru

SSYN = crispus (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio) TL: Surinam

SSYN = emylia (Hübner, [1819]) (Echenais) TL: Surinam

SSYN = emyliana (Stichel, 1911) (Polystichtis)ref.63 TL: Maués, AM, Brazil

SPEC Parvospila lucetia (Hübner 1821) (Echenais)ref.63 TL: no data

SSYN = luciana (Hübner, [1911]) (Calospila) TL: no data

SSYN = melanogyra (Bates, 1868) (Lemonias) TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = nepioides (Butler, 1867) (Lemonias) TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SPEC Parvospila lucianus (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)ref.63 TL: Vidal, French Guiana

SSYN = concinna (Stichel, 1910) (Polystichtis)ref.63 TL: Río San Ruan, Colombia

SSYN = luciane (Hübner, [1819]) (Echenais) TL: Vidal, French Guiana

SSYN = nepia (Westwood, 1851) (Lemonias) TL: Venezuela

SSYN = pseudocrispus (Westwood, 1851) (Lemonias) TL: Brazil

GENU Adelotypa Warren, 1895 Type species: Adelotypa xanthobrunnea Warren, 1895

SPEC Adelotypa bolena* (Butler, 1867) TL: Brazil

SSYN = xanthobrunnea Warren, 1895 TL: South America

SPEC Adelotypa borsippa (Hewitson, 1863) TL: Amazon

SSYN = borsippa (Hewitson, 1863) TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SSYN = flagrans Brévignon, 2012^{ref.82, ref.63} TL: Galion, Roura, French Guiana

GENU Livendula Hall, 2007Type species: Lemonias huebneri Butler, 1867

SPEC Livendula amasis (Hewitson, 1870)

SSYN = micator (Hewitson, 1870)

SSYN = virgo (Stichel, 1914)

SPEC Livendula aminias (Hewitson, 1863)

SSYN = florosa Brévignon, 2012^ref.63

SPEC Livendula aristus (Stoll, 1790)

SSYN = ariste (Hübner, [1819])

SSYN = cretata (Stichel, 1911)^ref.63

SPEC Livendula balista (Hewitson, 1863)

SSYN = augustalis (Brévignon, 1993)^ref.63

SPEC Livendula brunescens Brévignon, 2012^{ref.63, ref.82}

SPEC Livendula epixanthe (Stichel, 1911)

SSYN = catenifera (Seitz, 1916)

SPEC Livendula huebneri* (Butler, 1867)

SSYN = sordida (Butler, 1877)^ref.63

SPEC Livendula jasonhalli (Brévignon & Gallard, 1999)

SPEC Livendula leucocyana (Geyer, 1837)

SPEC Livendula leucophaea (Hübner, 1821)

SPEC Livendula pauxilla (Stichel, 1911)

SPEC Livendula violacea (Butler, 1867)

SSYN = asemna (Stichel, 1910)^ref.63

SSYN = glaucobrithis (Stichel, 1910)

SSYN = mollis (Butler, 1877)^ref.63

GENU Pandemos Hübner, [1819] Type species: Pandemos arcassa Hübner, [1819]

SGEN Agnostica Röber, 1925 Type species: Papilio pasiphae Cramer, 1775

SPEC Pandemos pasiphae* (Cramer, 1775) TL: no data

SSYN = arcas (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio) TL: Surinam

SSYN = arcassa Hübner, [1819] TL: Surinam

SSYN = ormenus Hübner, [1819] (Curetis) TL: no data

SSYN = perigone (Godart, 1819) (Pieris) TL: no data

GENU Zelotaea Bates, 1868 Type species: Zelotaea phasma Bates, 1868

SPEC Zelotaea acuta (Brévignon & Gallard. 1999) (Dysmathia)^{ref.63, ref.91} TL: Galion, Roura, French Guiana

SPEC Zelotaea alba Gallard & Brévignon, 1989^{ref.63, ref.91} TL: Comté, French Guiana

SPEC Zelotaea anushkae Brévignon, 2021^ref.91 TL: Rochambeau, Matoury, Guyane

SPEC Zelotaea cindra (Staudinger, 1887) (Dysmathia)^ref.63 TL: Maçauari, AM, Brazil

SSYN = juno (Le Cerf, 1958) (Dysmathia)^ref.63 TL: Rio Putumayo, Colombia

SPEC Zelotaea costalis (Bates, 1868) (Dysmathia)^ref.63 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SUBS Zelotaea costalis costalis (Bates, 1868) (Dysmathia)^{ref.63, ref.91} TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SUBS Zelotaea costalis gwiyanensis (Brévignon, 1999) (Dysmathia)^{ref.63, ref.91} TL: Galion, Roura, French Guiana

SPEC Zelotaea eidothea Butler, 1873 TL: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

SPEC Zelotaea grosnyi (Le Cerf, 1958) (Dysmathia)^ref.63 TL: Barreiras, Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SPEC Zelotaea lya Lathy, 1958 TL: Amazon

SPEC Zelotaea phasma* Bates, 1868 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SSYN = achroa Bates, 1868 TL: Tio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SSYN = dubia Bates, 1868^ref.63 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = pellex Staudinger, 1887 TL: Maçauari, AM, Brazil

SUBS Zelotaea phasma phasma* Bates, 1868 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SUBS Zelotaea phasma serena Brévignon, 2021^ref.91 TL: Maripasoula, Guyane

SPEC Zelotaea spectra Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL: Napo, Finca San Carlo, km 12 Tena-Puyo rd. Ecuador

SPEC Zelotaea suffusca Brévignon & Gallard, 1993 TL: Route de l’Est, French Guiana

GENU Rodinia Westwood, 1851 Type species: Erycina calphurnia Saunders, 1850

SPEC Rodinia calphurnia* (Saunders, 1850) (Erycina) TL: no data

SSYN = ariana Brévignon & Gallard, 1999^ref.63 TL: Montsinéry, French Guiana

SSYN = barbouri Bates, 1936^ref.63 TL: Isla Barro Colorado, Panama

SSYN = delphinia (Staudinger, 1887) (Diorhina)^ref.63 TL: Maçauari, AM, Brazil

SSYN = vulnerata Röber, 1923^ref.63TL: Maués, AM, Brazil

GENU Calospila Geyer, 1832 Type species: Calospila thermodoe Geyer, 1832

SPEC Calospila furvolinea Hall 2018^ref.63 TL: Pastaza, km. 37 Puyo-Arajuno rd., Ecuador

SPEC Calospila parthaon* (Dalman, 1823) (Papilio) TL: Brazil

SUBS Calospila parthaon parthaon (Dalman, 1823) (Papilio) TL: Brazil

SSYN = ancile (Hewitson, 1863) (Lemonias) TL: “Amazon”

SSYN = tauaensis Jauffret & Sousa, 2006^{ref.56, ref.63} TL: Santo Antônio do Tauá, PA, Brazil

SSYN = thermodoe* Geyer, 1832 TL: Brazil

SUBS Calospila parthaon pelarge (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Lemonias) ^ref.63 TL: Polochic valley, Guatemala

SPEC Calospila rhodope (Hewitson, 1853) (Lemonias) TL: “Amazon”

SUBS Calospila rhodope rhodope (Hewitson, 1853) (Lemonias) TL: “Amazon”

SSYN = bubo (Butler, 1867) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SSYN = wayanai Brévignon, 1993^ref.63 TL: Aloiké, Maripasoula, French Guiana

SUBS Calospila rhodope amphis (Hewitson, 1870) (Lemonias) TL:Sarayacu, E. Ecuador

SSYN = fusius (Staudinger, 1887) (Lemonias) TL: Pebas, Peru

SSYN = haemus (Stichel, 1916) (Polystichtis) TL: Pebas, Peru

nomen dubium Calospila eupolemia (Godart, [1824]) (Erycina)^ref.63

GENU Calliona Bates, 1868 Type species: Lemonias irene Westwood, 1851^ref.63

Comment: species previously treated in Calospila

SPEC Calliona delia (Stichel, 1911) (Polystichtis)^ref.63 TL: Río Guainía, S. Venezuela

SPEC Calliona irene* (Westwood, 1851) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = romani Aurivillius, 1929^ref.63 TL: Rio Autaz, AM, Brazil

SPEC Calliona latona (Hewitson, 1853) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: “Amazon”

SPEC Calliona siaka (Hewitson, [1858]) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: “Amazon”

SSYN = separata (Lathy, 1932) (Calliona)^ref.63 TL: Cuiabá, MT, Brazil

SSYN = preciosa (Stichel, 1929) (Orimba)^ref.63TL: Pebas, Peru

SSYN = xanthodesma (Sticle, 1928) (Orimba) TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

GENU Argyraspila^u Hall, 2018 Type species: Papilio zeanger Stoll, 1790^ref.63

Comment: species previously treated in Calospila

SPEC Argyraspila antonii (Brévignon, 1995) (Calospila) TL: Montagne des Chevaux, Galion, Roura, French Guiana

SPEC Argyraspila boyi Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL: Manicoré, AM, Brazil

SPEC Argyraspila caecina (Felder & Felder, 1865)^{reinstated ref.26} (Lemonias) TL: Bahia, Brazil

SPEC Argyraspila cayapona (Stichel, 1916) (Polystichtis)^ref.26 TL: Cuiabá, MT, Brazil

SSYN = overali (P. Jauffret & Souza, 2006) (Calospila)^ref.63 TL: Santo Antônio do Tauá, PA, Brazil

SPEC Argyraspila cuprea (Butler, 1867) (Lemonias) TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SPEC Argyraspila gyges (Stichel, 1911) (Polystichtis) TL: Huayabamba, Peru

SPEC Argyraspila maeonoides (Godman, 1903) (Lemonias) (Previously in Calospila)^ref.63 TL: Berg en Dal, Surinam

SUBS Argyraspila maeonoides maeonoides (Godman, 1903) (Lemonias) TL: Berg en Dal, Surinam

SUBS Argyraspila maeonoides maeon (Godman, 1903) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: San Pablo, Río San Ruan, Colombia

SPEC Calospila metaensis (Salazar & Nielsen, 2017)^ref.41

SSYN = alma Hall, 2018^{ref.63, ref.84,} TL: Napo, Finca San Carlo, km 12 Tena-Puyo rd., Ecuador

SPEC Argyraspila napoensis (Hall & Harvey, 2004) (Calospila)^ref.26 TL: Explornapo-ACEER, Peru

SPEC Argyraspila pirene (Godman, 1903) TL: Río Napo, Peru

SPEC Argyraspila rhesa (Hewitson, 1858) (Lemonias) TL: Cayenne, French Guiana

SSYN = cerealis (Hewitson, 1863) (Lemonias)^ref.26 TL: Amazon

SPEC Argyraspila tavakiliani (Brévignon & Gallard, 1995) (Calospila)^ref.82 TL: Montagne de Kaw, Kaw, French Guiana

SPEC Argyraspila thara (Hewitson, 1858) (Lemonias) TL: Amazon

SSYN = caelestis (Röberm 1927) (Lemonias) TL: São Paulo de Olivença, AM, Brazil

SSYN = desiderabilis (Brévignon, 2012) (Calospila)^ref.63 TL: La Desirée, Lac des Américains, Matoury, French Guiana

SSYN = krügeri (Bargmann, 1930) (Lemonias) TL: Uypiranga, AM, Brazil

SSYN = martialis (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Lemonias)^{ref.82, ref.63} TL: Surinam

SSYN = melia (Bates, 1868) (Lemonias) TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SSYN = nomia (Godman, 1903) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Aunai, Essequibo River, Guyana

SSYN = pulchra (Lathy, 1904) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Río Colorado, Peru

SPEC Argyraspila urichi (May, 1972) (Lemonias) TL: Sans Souci Estate, Sangre Grande, Trinidad

SSYN = complementaris Brévignon, 2012^ref.63 TL: Montagne des Chevaux, Galion, Roura, French Guiana

SPEC Argyraspila zeanger (Stoll, 1790)* (Papilio) ^ref.63 TL: Surinam

SSYN = zeangira (Hübner, [1819]) (Polystichtis) TL: Surinam

GENU Setabis Westwood, 1851 Type species: Aricoris (Setabis) myrtis Westwood, 1851

SPEC Setabis brunneus Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL:Loreto, Iquitos, Peru

SPEC Setabis buckleyi (Grose-Smith, 1898) (Aricoris)TL: Ecuador

SSYN = paroemia (Stichel, 1910) (Orimba)^ref.63 TL: Macas, Ecuador

SPEC Setabis butleri (Bates, 1858) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Rio Cupari, Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SSYN = staudingeri (Stichel, 1925) (Orimba)^ref.63 TL: Maués, AM, Brazil

SPEC Setabis disparilis (Bates, 1868) (Aricoris) TL: Rio Cupari, Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SUBS Setabis disparilis disparilis (Bates, 1868) (Aricoris) TL: Rio Cupari, Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SSYN salvini (Staudinger, 1887) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Pebas, Peru

SUBS Setabis disparilis notios Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL: Fazenda Rancho Grande, RO, Brazil, nr. Caucalândia

SPEC Setabis epitus (Cramer, 1780) (Papilio) TL: Surinam

SSYN = bias (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio) TL: Cayenne, French Guiana

SSYN = cataleuca (Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]) (Orimba) TL: Surinam

SSYN = cepha (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio) TL: Cayenne, French Guiana

SSYN = cephisa (Stichel, 1910) (Orimba) TL: Mayés, AM, Brazil

SSYN = epigia (Godart, [1824]) (Nymphalis) TL: Surinam

SSYN = epiphanis (Stichel, 1910) (Orimba)^ref.63 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SSYN = extranea (Walker, 1854) (Erchia) TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = jaera (Hübner, [1819]) (Hesperia) TL: Surinam

SPEC Setabis flammula (Bates, 1868) (Aricoris) TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brasil

SPEC Setabis gelasine (Bates, 1868) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SPEC Setabis lagus (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio) TL: Surinam

SUBS Setabis lagus lagus (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio) TL: Surinam

SSYN = cyanea (Butler, 1867) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SSYN = inquinata (Butler, 1867) (Aricoris) TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SSYN = lagis (Hübner, [1819]) (Pandemos) TL: Surinam

SSYN = petavia (C. & R. Felder, 1865) (Aricoris) TL: Cayenne, French Guiana

SUBS Setabis lagus jansoni (Butler, 1870) (Aricoris) TL: Chontales, Nicaragua

SPEC Setabis myrtis* (Westwood, 1851) (Aricoris (Setabis)) TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = amethystina (Butler, 1867) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Santarém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = pythia (Hewitson, 1853) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: “Amazon”

SPEC Setabis phaedon (Godman, 1903) (Aricoris) TL: Río Napo, Peru

SSYN = amazona (Stichel, 1929) (Orimba)^ref.63 TL: Iquitos, Peru

SSYN = enigma (Bryk, 1953) (Orimba)^ref.63 TL: São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Rio Negro, AM, Brazil

SSYN = epilecta (Stichel, 1910) (Orimba) TL: Iquitos, Peru

SSYN = megalia (Stichel, 1911) (Orimba)^ref.63 TL: Tarapoto, Peru

SSYN = rhodinosa (Stichel, 1911) (Orimba)^ref.63 TL: Sarayacu, E. Ecuador

SSYN = striata (Druce 1904) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Ecuador

SPEC Setabis plagiaria (Grose-Smith, 1902) (Aricoris) TL: Ecuador

SPEC Setabis pythioides (Butler, 1867) (Aricoris) TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SSYN = mesembrina (Hayward, 1949) (Orimba)^ref.63 TL: Santa Cruz, Bolivia

SPEC Setabis serica (Westwood, 1851) (Aricoris) TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SUBS Setabis serica serica (Westwood, 1851) (Aricoris) TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = fassli (Seitz, 1920) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Río Zongo, Bolivia

SUBS Setabis serica extensa (Lathy, 1932) (Orimba)^ref.63 TL:Río Pacaya, lower Río Ucayali, Peru

SPEC Setabis velutina (Butler, 1867) (Aricoris) TL: São Paulo de Olivença, AM, Brazil

SSYN = hamatus (Talbot, 1928) (Orimba) TL: Cuiabá, MT, Brazil

SSYN = velutina (Bates, 1868) (Aricoris) TL: São Paulo de Olivença, AM, Brazil

GENU Catagrammina Bates, 1869^ref.63 Type species: Necyria tapaja Saunders, 1859

Comment: species previously treated in Setabis

SPEC Catagramina hedonisma Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL:Parque Nacional Manu, Pakitza, Madre de Dios, Peru

SPEC Catagramina tapaja* (Saunders, 1859) (Necyria)^ref.63 TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SUBS Catagramina tapaja tapaja* (Saunders, 1859) (Necyria)^ref.63 TL: Rio Tapajós, PA, Brazil

SSYN = atavus (Le Cerf, 1958) (Orimba) TL: Santarém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = batesi (Le Cerf, 1958) (Orimba) TL: Santarém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = heteropyga (Le Cerf, 1958) (Orimba) TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SSYN = hewitsoni Kirby, 1896 TL: “Amazon”

SUBS Catagramina tapaja augea Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL: Loreto, Lower Río Ucayali, Peru

SUBS Catagramina tapaja eumaea Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL: Puno, Chaquimayo, Peru

GENU Sanguinea Hall, 2018 Type species: Aricoris cruentata Butler, 1867

Comment: species previously treated in Setabis

SPEC Sanguinea alcmaeon (Hewitson, 1876) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Ecuador

SSYN = maia (Godman, 1903) (Aricoris)^ref.63TL: San Pablo, Río San Ruan, W. Colombia

SPEC Sanguinea cleomedes (Hewitson, 1870) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Chontales, Nicaragua

SSYN = inariella (Strand, 1916) (Esthemopsis) Tl: Costa Rica

SPEC Sanguinea cruentata* (Butler, 1867) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SPEC Sanguinea cruentata cruentata* (Butler, 1867) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

SUBS Sanguinea cruentata cumulata Hall, 2018^ref.63 TL: Parque Nacional Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru

SUBS Sanguinea cruentata helice (Godman, 1904) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Maçauari, AM, Brazil

SSYN = amanita (Rebillard, 1958) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Maués, AM, Brazil

SSYN = succina (Rebillerd, 1958) (Aricoris)^ref.63 TL: Manicoré, AM, Brazil

SPEC Sanguinea heliodora (Staudinger, 1887) (Aricoris) TL: Pebas, Peru

SPEC Sanguinea luceres (Hewitson,1870) (Lemonias) TL: Sarayacu, E. Ecuador

Subtribe: Lemoniadina (~180 spp)

GENU Periplacis^b Geyer, 1837 (1 sp) Type species: Periplacis glaucoma Geyer, 1837

SGEN Menander Hemming, 1939 Type species: Papilio menander Stoll, 1780^ref.63

SGEN Tharops Hübner, [1819] Type species: Papilio menander Stoll, 1780^ref.63

SPEC Periplacis aldasi (Hall & Willmott, 1995) (Menander)^ref.63 TL: above Mera, Ecuador

SPEC Periplacis apotheta (Bates, 1868) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

SSYN = lyncestes (Hewitson, 1874) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Cayenne, French Guiana

SPEC Periplacis cicuta (Hewitson, 1863) (Lemonias) TL: Amazon

SPEC Periplacis clotho (Stichel, 1911) (Tharops) TL: Iquitos, Peru

SSYN = gemma (Seitz, 1916) (Tharops) TL: Río Carabaya, Peru

SSYN = orientalis (d’Abrera, 1994) (Menander)^ref.82 TL: Demerara River, Guyana

SPEC Periplacis coruscans (Butler, 1867) (Tharops) TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = exsultans (Brévignon, 1999) (Menander) TL: Montsinéry, Km 8 on Route D5, French Guiana

SPEC Periplacis felsina (Hewitson, 1863) (Lemonias) TL: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

SPEC Periplacis glaucoma* Geyer, 1837 TL: Joinvile, SC, Brazil

SPEC Periplacis hebrus (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio) TL: Surinam

SSYN = ergines (Seitz, 1917) (Tharops) TL: Bolivia

SSYN = ion (Westwood, 1851) (Tharops) TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = pelidna (Hübner, [1819]) (Peplia) TL: Surinam

SPEC Periplacis homerus Hall, 2018^ref.82 TL: Chocó, Colombia

SPEC Periplacis laobotas (Hewitson, 1875) (Lemonias) TL: Panama

SSYN = andraemon (Stichel, 1910) (Polystichtis)^ref.82 TL: Río San Juan, Colombia

SPEC Periplacis menander (Stoll, 1780) (Papilio) (Type species of Menander) TL: Surinam

SSYN = beraka (Brévignon, 1999) (Menander)^ref.82 TL: Galion, Roura, Brazil

SSYN = purpurata (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Tharops) TL: Calobre, Panama

SSYN = thallus (Stichel, 1911) (Tharops) TL: Iquitos, Peru

SPEC Periplacis nitida (Butler, 1867) (Tharops) TL: Brazil

SPEC Periplacis pretus (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio) TL: “Cape of Good Hope, Africa”

SSYN = picta (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Tharops) TL: San Pablo, Río San Juan, Colombia

SPEC Periplacis splendida (Butler, 1867) (Tharops) TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SUBS = isthmica (Godman & Salvin 1878) (Tharops) TL: Calobre, Panama

SUBS = superba (Bates, 1868) (Tharops) TL: Parintins, PA, Brazil

SPEC Periplacis thalassicus (Brévignon & Gallard, 1992) (Menander) TL: Cacao, French Guiana

GENU Synargis Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Synargis abaris (Cramer, 1776) (Papilio)

SPEC Synargis agle (Hewitson, [1853]) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Synargis anapis (Godart, [1824]) (Erycina)

SPEC Synargis axenus (Hewitson, 1876) (Lemonias)

SPEC Synargis bifasciata (Mengel, 1902) (Baeotis)

SPEC Synargis calyce (Felder & Felder 1862) ()

SPEC Synargis chaonia (Hewitson, [1853]) (Nymphidium)

SUBS Synargis chaonia chaonia (Hewitson, [1853]) (Nymphidium)

SUBS Synargis chaonia indivisa Brévignon, 1998^ref.82

SPEC Synargis dirca (Stichel, 1911) (Nymula)

SPEC Synargis ethelinda (Hewitson, 1870) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Synargis fandanga Dolibaina, Dias, Mielk & Casagrande, 2013^ref.80

SPEC Synargis fenestrella (Lathy, 1932) (Thisbe)

SUBS Synargis cayennensis (Brévignon & Gallard, 1992)^ref.82

SPEC Synargis galena (Bates, 1868) (Lemonias)

SPEC Synargis gela (Hewitson, [1853]) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Synargis gorpa Dolibaina, Dias, Mielk & Casagrande, 2013^ref.80

SPEC Synargis mycone (Hewitson, 1865) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Synargis nymphidioides (Butler, 1872) (Pandemos)

SUBS Synargis nymphidioides nymphidioides (Butler, 1872) (Pandemos)

SUBS Synargis nymphidioides septentrionalis Callaghan, Llorente-Bousquets & Luis-Martinez 2007 ^ref.14

SPEC Synargis ochra (Bates, 1868) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Synargis ochrophlegma (Stichel, 1911) (Ematurgina)^ref.80

SPEC Synargis orestessa (Hübner, [1819]) (Synargis)

SPEC Synargis palaeste (Hewitson, 1870) (Pandemos)

SPEC Synargis paulistina (Stichel, 1910) (Nymula)

SPEC Synargis perrupta Seitz 1932^ref.80

SPEC Synargis phliasus (Clerck, 1764) (Papilio)

SUBS Synargis phliasus phliasus (Clerck, 1764) (Papilio)

SUBS Synargis phliasus maravalica (Seitz, 1913) (Nymphidium)

SUBS Synargis phliasus velabrum (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Synargis pittheus (Hoffmannsegg, 1818) (Lemonias)

SPEC Synargis rasqueada Dolibaina, Dias, Mielk & Casagrande, 2013^ref.80

SPEC Synargis regulus (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SPEC Synargis soranus (Stoll, 1781) (Papilio)

SPEC Synargis sylvarum (Bates, 1867) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Synargis tytia (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SPEC Synargis victrix (Rebel, 1901) (Nymphidium)

GENU Thenpea Hall, 2018^ref.63 Type species: Papilio penthea Cramer, 1777

SPEC Thenpea penthea (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SSYN = Lemonias auseris Hewitson, 1863

SSYN = Echenais penthea penthides Stichel, 1910

SSYN = Echenais penthea nitelina Sitchel, 1910

SSYN = Echenais penthea echion Sitchel, 1910

SSYN = Echenais penthea nilios Sitchel, 1910

GENU Uraneis Bates, 1868 Type species: Tharops hyalina Butler, 1867

SPEC Uraneis hyalina* (Butler, 1867) (Tharops)^ref.2

SPEC Uraneis incubus Hall et al, 2001^ref.2

SPEC Uraneis ucubis Hewitson, 1870^ref.2

SPEC Uraneis lycorias (Hewitson, [1853]) (Nymphidium)^ref.2

GENU Juditha Hemming, 1964 Type species: Papilio lamis Stoll, 1780

SPEC Juditha azan (Westwood, 1851) (Nymphidium)

SUBS Juditha azan azan (Westwood, 1851) (Nymphidium)

SUBS Juditha azan completa (Lathy, 1904) (Nymphidium)

SUBS Juditha azan majorina Brévignon & Gallard, 1998

SPEC Juditha caucana (Stichel, 1911) (Peplia)

SPEC Juditha dorilis (Bates, 1866) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Juditha inambari Hall & Harvey, 2001

SPEC Juditha molpe* (Hübner [1808]) (Limnas)

SPEC Juditha naza Hall & Harvey, 2001

SPEC Juditha odites (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Juditha odites odites (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Juditha odites praeclarum (Bates, 1866) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Juditha pulcherrima (Butler, 1867) (Anatole)

SUBS Juditha pulcherrima pulcherrima (Butler, 1867) (Anatole)

SUBS Juditha pulcherrima comparata (Stichel, 1911) (Calociasma)

GENU Thisbe Hübner, [1819] Type species: Papilio belise Stoll, 1782

SPEC Thisbe irenea* (Stoll, 1780) (Papilio)

SPEC Thisbe molela (Hewitson, 1865) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Thisbe rupestre Callaghan, 2001

SPEC Thisbe silvestre Kaminski, Iserhard & Freitas 2015^ref.37

GENU Lemonias Hübner, [1807] Type species: Lemonias zygia Hübner, 1807.

SPEC Lemonias albofasciata (Godman, 1903) (Riodina?)

SPEC Lemonias caliginea (Butler, 1867) (Anatole)

SPEC Lemonias egaensis (Butler, 1867) (Anatole)

SUBS Lemonias egaensis egaensisem> (Butler, 1867) (Anatole)

SUBS Lemonias egaensis reductaem> Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Lemonias ochracea (Mengel, 1902) (Apodemia)

SPEC Lemonias sontella (Schaus, 1902) (Stalachtis)

SPEC Lemonias stalachtioides (Butler, 1867) (Anatole)

SPEC Lemonias theodora (Godman, 1903) (Riodina?)

SPEC Lemonias zygia* (Hübner, [1807]) (Lemonias)

SUBS Lemonias zygia zygia (Hübner, [1807]) (Lemonias)

SUBS Lemonias zygia chea (Hewitson, 1863) (Lemonias)

GENU Ariconias Hall & Harvey, 2002 Type species: Lemonias albinus Felder & Felder, 1861

SPEC Ariconias albinus (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Lemonias)

SPEC Ariconias glaphyra (Westwood, 1851) (Anatole)

GENU Aricoris Westwood, [1851] Type species: Aricoris tisiphone Westwood, 1851

SPEC Aricoris arenarum (Schneider, 1937) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris aurinia (Hewitson, 1863) (Lemonias)

SPEC Aricoris campestris (Bates, 1868) (Lemonias)

SPEC Aricoris caracensis (Callaghan, 2001) (Audre)

SPEC Aricoris chilensis (Felder & Felder 1865) (Lemonias)

SPEC Aricoris cinericia (Stichel, 1910) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris colchis (Felder & Felder 1865) (Lemonias)

SPEC Aricoris constantius (Fabricius, 1793) (Papilio)

SPEC Aricoris domina (Bates, 1865) (Lemonias)

SPEC Aricoris epulus (Cramer 1775) (Papilio)

SPEC Aricoris erostratus (Westwood, 1851) (Anatole)

SPEC Aricoris gauchoana (Stichel, 1910) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris hubrichi (Stichel, 1926) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris incana (Stichel, 1910) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris indistincta (Lathy, 1932) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris middletoni (Sharpe, 1890) (Anatole)

SPEC Aricoris monotona (Stichel, 1910) (Melanope (Aricoris))^{reinstated ref.38}

SPEC Aricoris montana (Schneider, 1937) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris notialis (Stichel, 1910) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris propitia (Stichel, 1910) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris schneideri Siewert, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande, 2014^ref.39

SPEC Aricoris signata (Stichel, 1910) (Hamearis)

SPEC Aricoris terias (Godman, 1903) (Aricoris?)

SPEC Aricoris tutana* (Godart, [1824]) ^{reinstated ref.38}

SSYN Aricoris tisiphone Westwood, 1851

SSYN Aricoris bahiana C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865

SSYN Erycina tutana (Godart, [1824])

SPEC Aricoris zachaeus (Fabricius, 1798) (Hesperia)

Nymphidiini: incertae sedis (28 spp)

GENU Ahrenholzia Hall, 2018 Type species: Ahrenholzia pimpilala Hall, 2018^ref.63

SPEC Ahrenholzia pimpilala Hall, 2018*^ref.63 TL: Napo, above Pimpilala, Ecuador

GENU Annulata Hall, 2018 Type species: Lemonias annulifera Godman, 1903^ref.63

SPEC Annulata annulifera (Godman, 1903)*

GENU Archaeonympha^b Hall, 1998 (3 spp) Type species: Archaeonympha smalli Hall & Harvey, 1998

SPEC Archaeonympha drepana (Bates, 1868) (Theope)

SPEC Archaeonympha smalli Hall & Harvey, 1998

SPEC Archaeonympha urichi (Vane-Wright, 1994) (Theope)

GENU Behemothia^b Hall, 2000 (1sp) Type species: Pandemos godmanii Dewitz, 1877

SPEC Behemothia godmanii* (Dewitz, 1877) (Pandemos)

GENU Calicosama^b Hall & Harvey, 2001 (2 spp) Type species: Nymphidium lilina Butler, 1870^y

SPEC Calicosama lilina* (Butler, 1870) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Calicosama robbinsi Hall & Harvey, 2001

GENU Calociasma^b Stichel, 1910 (3 spp) Type species: Nymphidium ictericum Godman & Salvin, 1878

SPEC Calociasma ictericum* (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Nymphidium) TL: Veraguas, Panama

SPEC Calociasma laius (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Nymphidium) TL: Chinajá, Guatemala

SPEC Calociasma nycteus (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Nymphidium) TL: Bugaba, Panama

GENU Dysmathia^b Bates, 1868 (7 spp) Type species: Dysmathia portia Bates, 1868

SPEC Dysmathia portia* Bates, 1868 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = glaucoconia Stichel, 1911 TL: Guyana

GENU Diminutiva Hall, 2018 Type species: Dysmathia glaucina Stichel, 1928^ref.63

SPEC Diminutiva glaucina (Stichel, 1928)* (Dysmathia)^ref.63 TL: Tefé, AM, Brazil

GENU Hypophylla^b Boisduval, 1836 (7 spp) Type species: Hypophylla zeurippa Boisduval, 1836

SPEC Hypophylla argenissa (Stoll, 1790) (Papilio) TL: “Pais de Caffres [South Africa]“

SSYN = petronius (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia) TL: “Indiis [Caribbean]“

SSYN = staudingeri (Godman, 1903) (Lemonias) TL: San Pablo, Río de San Ruan, W. Colombia

SPEC Hypophylla florus (Staudinger, 1887) (Lemonias) TL: Río San Ruan, W. Colombia

SPEC Hypophylla lasthenes (Hewitson, 1887) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Chontales, Nicaragua

SSYN = caldensis Callaghan, 2001^ref.63 TL: Cerro Aguacatal, Río Sucio, C. Colombia

SUBS Hypophylla lasthenes idae Callaghan, 2001^ref.63 TL: Quebrada Valle Sol, km. 104 Bogotá-Medellín rd., Colombia

SPEC Hypophylla sudias (Hewitson, [1858]) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Honduras

SSYN = callaghani (Constantino & Salazar, 1998) (Calospila) TL: Aguas Claras, Río Tatabro, Río Anchicayá, W. Colombia

SPEC Hypophylla zeurippa* Boisduval, 1836 TL: Mexico

SSYN = eumedes Doubleday, 1947 TL: Honduras

SSYN = martia (Godman, 1903) (Lemonias) ^ref.63 TL: San Pablo, Río San Ruan, W. Colombia

GENU Joiceya^b Talbot, 1928 (1 sp) Type species: Joiceya praeclarus Talbot, 1928

SPEC Joiceya praeclarus* Talbot, 1928 TL: Tombador, S. of Diamantino, MT, Brazil

SPEC Joiceya fannia (Godman, 1903) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Aunai, Essequibo River, Guyana

SPEC Joiceya satyroides (Lathy, 1932) (Nymula)^ref.63 TL: “Guyana”

GENU Minotauros^b Hall, 2007 (2 spp) Type species: Lemonias lampros Bates, 1868

SPEC Minotauros charessa (Stichel, 1910) (Echenais) TL: Rio Juruá, AM, Brazil

SPEC Minotauros confusa Salazar, Nielsen & Vargas 2017^ref.41 TL: La Ratonera, Remedios finca, Antioquia, Colombia

SPEC Minotauros lampros* (Bates, 1868) (Lemonias) TL: São Paulo de Olivença, AM, Brazil

GENU Pseudolivendula Hall, 2018 Type species: Lemonias hemileuca Bates, 1868^ref.63

SPEC Pseudolivendula byzeres (Hewitson, 1872) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = idmon (Godman & Salvin, 1889) (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Chiriquí, Panama

SSYN = gallardi (Brévignon, 1995) (Calospila)^ref.63 TL: Galion, Roura, French Guiana

SPEC Pseudolivendula candace (Druce, 1904) (Nymphidium)^ref.63 TL: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

SSYN = paupercula Zikán, 1952 (Napaea)^ref.63 TL: Sumaré, SP, Brazil

SPEC Pseudolivendula hemileuca (Bates, 1868)* (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SUBS Pseudolivendula hemileuca hemileuca (Bates, 1868)* (Lemonias)^ref.63 TL: Belém, PA, Brazil

SSYN = arachne (Stichel, 1911) (Polystichtis)^ref.63 TL: Faro, PA, Brazil

SSYN = troetschi (Godman, 1901) (Tharops)^ref.63 TL: Chiquirí, Panama

SUBS Pseudolivendula hemileuca sagittaria (Brévignon, 2012) (Calospila)^{ref.82, ref.63, ref.85} TL: Saül, French Guiana

SPEC Pseudolivendula simplaris (Stichel, 1911) (Polystichtis)^ref.63 TL: Maués, AM, Brazil

SPEC Pseudolivendula subtilis (Brévignon, 2012) (Calospila)^{ref.82, ref.63, ref.85} TL: Galion, Roura, French Guiana

SPEC Pseudolivendula temperans (Brévignon, 2012) (Calospila)^{ref.82, ref.63, ref.85} TL: Galion, Roura, French Guiana<

SPEC Pseudolivendula tenuis Brévignon, 2019^ref.85

SPEC Pseudolivendula wia (Brévignon & Gallard, 1992) (Calospila)^{ref.82, ref.63} TL: Route de l’Est, French Guiana

TRIB Calydnini (27 species; 6 subspecies)

GENU Echenais Hübner, [1819]
Type: Lemonias alphaea Hübner, 1808

SPEC Echenais thelephus* (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Echenais thelephus thelephus (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Echenais thelephus meridionalis (Lathy, 1932) (Elaphrotis)

GENU Imelda Hewitson, 1870 Type: Imelda glaucosmia Hewitson, 1870

SPEC Imelda aenetus (Hewitson 1874) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Imelda mycea (Hewitson, 1865) (Nymphidium)

SUBS Imelda mycea mycea (Hewitson, 1865) (Nymphidium)

SUBS Imelda mycea glaucosmia* Hewitson, 1870

GENU Echydna Hall, 2002 Type: Calydna chaseba Hewitson, 1854

SPEC Echydna chaseba* (Hewitson, 1854) (Calydna)

SPEC Echydna punctata (Felder & Felder 1861) (Calydna)

GENU Calydna Doubleday, 1847 Type: Papilio thersander Stoll, 1780

SPEC Calydna arius (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SPEC Calydna bojeto Jauffret & Jauffret 2009^ref.52

SPEC Calydna cabira Hewitson, 1854

SUBS Calydna cabira cabiraHewitson, 1854

SUBS Calydna cabira belemia Brévignon & Gallard, 1998^ref.82

SPEC Calydna caieta Hewitson, 1854

SUBS Calydna caieta caieta Hewitson, 1854

SUBS Calydna caieta similis Brévignon, 1998^ref.82

SPEC Calydna calamisa Hewitson, 1854

SPEC Calydna candace Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Calydna carneia Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Calydna catana Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Calydna cea Hewitson, 1859

SPEC Calydna charila Hewitson, 1854

SPEC Calydna fissilisima Hall, 2002

SPEC Calydna hiria (Godart, [1824]) (Erycina)

SPEC Calydna isala (Godart, [1824]) (Erycina)

SPEC Calydna jeannea Hall, 2002

SPEC Calydna lusca (Geyer, [1835]) (Hamanumida)

SPEC Calydna micra Bates, 1868

SPEC Calydna nicolayi Hall, 2002

SPEC Calydna pichita Hall & Lamas, 2004 ^ref.12

SPEC Calydna stolata Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Calydna sturnula (Geyer, 1837) (Hamanumida)

SPEC Calydna thersander* (Stoll, 1780) (Papilio)

SPEC Calydna venusta Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Calydna venusta venusta Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Calydna venusta morio Stichel, 1929

TRIB Symmachiini (~190 spp)

GENU Argyrogrammana Strand, 1932

SPEC Argyrogrammana alstonii Smart, 1979

SPEC Argyrogrammana amalfreda (Staudinger, [1887]) (Charis)

SPEC Argyrogrammana aparamilla Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana barine (Staudinger, [1887]) (Charis)

SPEC Argyrogrammana bonita Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana brevignoni Dolibaina & Dias, 2015^ref.44

SPEC Argyrogrammana caelestina Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana caesarion Lathy, 1958

SPEC Argyrogrammana celata Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana chicomendesi Gallard, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana crocea (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Charis)

SPEC Argyrogrammana danieli J. Jauffret & Martins, 2006 ^ref.67

SPEC Argyrogrammana denisi Gallard, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana francozi Gallard, 2017^ref.82

SPEC Argyrogrammana gallardi Dolibaina & Dias, 2015^ref.44

SPEC Argyrogrammana glaucopis (Bates, 1868) (Charis)

SUBS Argyrogrammana glaucopis glaucopis (Bates, 1868) (Charis)

SUBS Argyrogrammana glaucopis virgata Brévignon & Gallard, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana halli Dolibaina & Dias, 2015^ref.44

SPEC Argyrogrammana iracyi P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2007^{ref.44, ref.45}

SUBS Argyrogrammana iracyi iracyi P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2007^ref.45

SUBS Argyrogrammana iracyi saulensis Gallard, 2008^ref.68

SUBS Argyrogrammana iracyi tunari Gallard, 2008^ref.68

SPEC Argyrogrammana johannismarci Brévignon, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana leptographia (Stichel, 1911) (Argyrogramma)

SPEC Argyrogrammana natalita Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana nurtia (Stichel, 1911) (Argyrogramma)

SUBS Argyrogrammana nurtia nurtia (Stichel, 1911) (Argyrogramma)

SUBS Argyrogrammana nurtia ludibunda Brévignon & Gallard, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana occidentalis (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Charis)

SPEC Argyrogrammana pacsa Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Argyrogrammana pastaza Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Argyrogrammana physis (Stichel, 1911) (Argyrogramma)

SUBS Argyrogrammana physis physis (Stichel, 1911) (Argyrogramma)

SUBS Argyrogrammana physis phyton (Stichel, 1911) (Argyrogramma)

SPEC Argyrogrammana placibilis (Stichel, 1910) (Argyrogramma)

SPEC Argyrogrammana praestigiosa (Stichel, 1929) (Argyrogramma)

SPEC Argyrogrammana pulchra (Talbot 1929) (Argyrogramma)

SPEC Argyrogrammana rameli (Stichel, 1930) (Argyrogramma)

SPEC Argyrogrammana saphirina (Staudinger, [1887]) (Charis)

SPEC Argyrogrammana saulensis Gallard 2008^{ref.44, ref.46}

SUBS Argyrogrammana saulensis saulensis Gallard 2008^{ref.44, ref.46}

SUBS Argyrogrammana saulensis tunari Gallard 2008^{ref.44, ref.46}

SPEC Argyrogrammana sebastiani Brévignon, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana sonazul J. Jauffret & Martins, 2006 ^ref.67

SPEC Argyrogrammana sticheli* (Talbot 1929) (Argyrogramma)

SPEC Argyrogrammana stilbe (Godart, [1824]) (Erycina)

SUBS Argyrogrammana stilbe stilbe (Godart, [1824]) (Erycina)

SUBS Argyrogrammana stilbe holosticta (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Charis)

SPEC Argyrogrammana sublimis Brévignon & Gallard, 1995

SPEC Argyrogrammana subota (Hewitson, 1877) (Charis)

SPEC Argyrogrammana talboti Brévignon & Gallard, 1998

SUBS Argyrogrammana talboti talboti Brévignon & Gallard, 1998

SUBS Argyrogrammana talboti naranjilla Hall & Furtado, 1999

SPEC Argyrogrammana trochilia (Westwood, 1851) (Baeotis)

SPEC Argyrogrammana venilia (Bates, 1868) (Charis)

SPEC Argyrogrammana willmotti Dolibaina & Dias, 2015^ref.44

GENU Phaenochitonia Stichel, 1910

GSYN Comphotis Stichel, 1910 Type species: Cricosama irroratum

SPEC Phaenochitonia cingulus* (Stoll, 1790) (Papilio)

SPEC Phaenochitonia clarissa (Sharpe, 1890) (Mesene)^ref.82

SPEC Phaenochitonia fuliginea (Bates, 1868) (Mesene)

SPEC Phaenochitonia gallardi Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Phaenochitonia ignipicta Schaus, 1913

SPEC Phaenochitonia pseudodebilis Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Phaenochitonia pyrsodes (Bates, 1868) (Mesene)

SPEC Phaenochitonia tale (Hübner [1819]) (Hesperia)

SPEC Phaenochitonia apachita Hall & Willmott, 1996 (Comphotis)

SPEC Phaenochitonia debilis (Bates, 1868) (Mesene)

SPEC Phaenochitonia eanes (Godman, 1903) (Mesene)

SPEC Phaenochitonia exigua (Bates, 1868) (Calephelis)^ref.82

SPEC Phaenochitonia ignicauda (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Mesene)

SPEC Phaenochitonia irroratum* (Godman, 1903) (Cricosoma)

SPEC Phaenochitonia pactolus (Möschler, 1877)^ref.82

SPEC Phaenochitonia sophistes (Bates, 1868) (Mesene)

SUBS Phaenochitonia sophistes sophistes (Bates, 1868) (Mesene)

SUBS Phaenochitonia sophistes baba (Brévignon, 2013) (Comphotis)^ref.82

GENU Panaropsis Hall, 2002

SPEC Panaropsis elegans* (Schaus, 1920) (Panara)

SPEC Panaropsis inaria (Westwood, 1851) (Limnas)

SPEC Panaropsis semiota (Bates, 1868) (Limnas)

SUBS Panaropsis semiota semiota (Bates, 1868) (Limnas)

SUBS Panaropsis semiota remedios Vargas & Salazar 2017^ref.41

SPEC Panaropsis thyatira (Hewitson [1853]) (Limnas)

GENU Pirascca Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Pirascca apolecta (Bates, 1868) (Mesene)

SPEC Pirascca arbuscula (Möschler, 1883) (Symmachia)

SUBS Pirascca arbuscula arbuscula (Möschler, 1883) (Symmachia)

SUBS Pirascca arbuscula mandosa (Druce, 1904) (Charis)

SPEC Pirascca crocostigma (Bates, 1868) (Mesene)

SPEC Pirascca hanneri Gallard, Viloria, Fratello & Costa, 2017 ^ref.9

SPEC Pirascca histrica (Stichel, 1910)^ref.82

SPEC Pirascca iasis (Godman, 1903) (Mesene)

SPEC Pirascca interrupta (Lathy, 1932) (Phaenochitona)

SPEC Pirascca mimica Gallard & Fernandez, 2012^ref.82

SPEC Pirascca patriciae Hall & Willmott, 2007^ref.18

SPEC Pirascca phoenicura (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Mesene)

SPEC Pirascca pluto (Stichel, 1911) (Phaenochitonia)

SPEC Pirascca polemistes Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Pirascca pujarnii J. Jauffret & Martins, 2006 ^ref.67

SPEC Pirascca sagaris* (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Pirascca sagaris sagaris (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Pirascca sagaris amazonica (Stichel, 1925) (Phaenochitonia)

SUBS Pirascca sagaris phrygiana (Stichel, 1916) (Phaenochitonia)

SUBS Pirascca sagaris satnius (Dalman, 1823) (Papilio)

SPEC Pirascca sticheli (Lathy, 1932) (Phaenochitona)

SUBS Pirascca sticheli sticheli (Lathy, 1932) (Phaenochitona)

SUBS Pirascca sticheli kawensis Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Pirascca suapure (Weeks, 1906) (Charis)

SUBS Pirascca suapure suapure (Weeks, 1906) (Charis)

SUBS Pirascca suapure vittata Stichel, 1910

SPEC Pirascca tyriotes (Godman & Salvin 1878) (Mesene)

GENU Mesene Doubleday, 1847

SPEC Mesene babosa Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Mesene bigemmis Stichel, 1925 ^ref.15

SUBS Mesene bigemmis bigemmis Stichel, 1925 ^ref.15

SUBS Mesene bigemmis arouany Brévignon, 1998^ref.82

SPEC Mesene bomilcar (Stoll, 1790) (Papilio)

SPEC Mesene celetes (Bates, 1868)

SPEC Mesene citrinella Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Mesene croceella Bates, 1865

SPEC Mesene cyneas (Hewitson, 1874) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Mesene epaphus (Stoll 1780) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesene epaphus epaphus (Stoll 1780) (Papilio)

SUBS Mesene epaphus pyrrha (Bates, 1868)

SPEC Mesene eupteryx (Bates, 1868) ^ref.43

SSYN Mesene epaphus sertata (Stichel, 1910)^ref.43

SPEC Mesene florus (Fabricius 1793) (Hesperia)

SPEC Mesene gracilaeDolibaina, Dias, Mielke & Casagrande, 2016^ref.43

SPEC Mesene hyale Felder & Felder, 1865

SPEC Mesene ingrumaensis Callaghan & Salazar, 1999

SPEC Mesene jimena Callaghan, Llorente-Bousques & Luis-Martinez, 2011^{ref.16, i}

SPEC Mesene leucogyna Hall & Lamas, 2007^ref.15

SUBS Mesene leucogyna leucogyna Hall & Lamas, 2007^ref.15

SUBS Mesene leucogyna notia Hall & Lamas, 2007^ref.15

SPEC Mesene leucophrys (Bates, 1868)

SPEC Mesene leucopus (Godman & Salvin, 1886)

SPEC Mesene mahuryaBrévignon, 1993^ref.82

SPEC Mesene margaretta (White, 1843) (Erycina (Agathina))

SUBS Mesene margaretta margaretta (White, 1843) (Erycina (Agathina))

SSYN Mesene oriens Butler, 1870^ref.15

SUBS Mesene margaretta anartia Hall & Lamas, 2007^ref.15

SPEC Mesene monostigma (Erichson, [1849]) (Emesis)

SUBS Mesene monostigma monostigma (Erichson, [1849]) (Emesis)

SUBS Mesene monostigma discolor (Stichel, 1929)

SPEC Mesene mygdon Schaus, 1913

SPEC Mesene nepticula Möschler, 1877

SUBS Mesene nepticula nepticula Möschler, 1877

SUBS Mesene nepticula stigmosa (Stichel, 1910)

SPEC Mesene nola Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]

SPEC Mesene paraena (Bates, 1868)

SPEC Mesene patawa Brévignon, 1995

SPEC Mesene phareus* (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SPEC Mesene philonis Hewitson, 1874

SSYN Mesene leucointrei P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2008

SPEC Mesene pyrippe Hewitson, 1874

SUBS Mesene pyrippe pyrippe Hewitson, 1874

SUBS Mesene pyrippe sanguilenta (Stichel, 1910)

SPEC Mesene sardonyx (Stichel, 1910)

SPEC Mesene silaris (Godman & Salvin, 1878)

SUBS Mesene silaris silaris (Godman & Salvin, 1878)

SUBS Mesene silaris maroni Brévignon, 1993^ref.82

SPEC Mesene simplex (Bates, 1868)

SPEC Mesene veleda Stichel, 1923

SUBS Mesene veleda veleda Stichel, 1923

SUBS Mesene veleda herteli Zikán, 1952

GENU Stichelia Zikán, 1949

SPEC Stichelia bocchoris* (Hewitson, 1876) (Amarynthis)

SSYN Stichelia suavis (Stichel, 1911) (Phaenochitonia)^ref.31

SPEC Stichelia catarinensisDias, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande, 2013^ref.31

SPEC Stichelia cuneifascia (Zikán, 1946) (Phaenochitonia)

SPEC Stichelia dukinfieldia (Schaus, 1902) (Charis)

SPEC Stichelia pelotensis (Biezanko, Mielke & Wedderhoff 1978) (Stichelia)

GENU Mesenopsis Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Mesenopsis albivitta (Lathy, 1904) (Chamaelimnas)

SPEC Mesenopsis briseis Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Mesenopsis bryaxis* (Hewitson, 1870) (Limnas?)

SPEC Mesenopsis jordana Dias, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande, 2013^ref.48

SPEC Mesenopsis melanochlora (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Limnas)

SPEC Mesenopsis pulchella Godman, 1903

GENU Symmachia Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Symmachia accusatrix Westwood, 1851

SPEC Symmachia aconia Hewitson, 1876

SPEC Symmachia almeidai (Zikán, 1946) (Phaenochitonia)

SPEC Symmachia arcuata Hewitson, 1867

SPEC Symmachia arion (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Synapta)

SUBS Symmachia aureus Attal, 2009^{ref.54, ref.20, l}

SPEC Symmachia aurigera (Weeks, 1902) (Aricoris)

SPEC Symmachia basilissa (Bates, 1868) (Mesene)

SUBS Symmachia basilissa basilissa (Bates, 1868) (Mesene)

SUBS Symmachia basilissa brevignoni Gallard, 2008^ref.82

SUBS Symmachia basilissa paracatuensis Callaghan, 2001

SPEC Symmachia batesi (Staudinger, [1887]) (Cricosoma)

SPEC Symmachia busbyi Hall & Willmott, 2007^ref.18

SPEC Symmachia calderoni Hall & Lamas, 2001

SPEC Symmachia calligrapha Hewitson, 1867

SPEC Symmachia calliste Hewitson, 1867

SPEC Symmachiadivisora Dolibaina & Leite, 2012^ref.81

SPEC Symmachia elinas (Rebillard, 1958) (Metacharis)

SPEC Symmachia emeralda J. Hall & Willmott, 2007^ref.18

SPEC Symmachia eraste (Bates, 1868) (Cricosoma)

SPEC Symmachia estellina Gallard, 2008^ref.82

SPEC Symmachia exigua (Bates, 1868) (Metacharis)

SPEC Symmachia falcistriga (Stichel, 1910)

SPEC Symmachia meyi Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Symmachia fassli Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Symmachia fulvicauda Stichel, 1924

SPEC Symmachia giffordi P. Jauffret & J. Jauffret, 2010^ref.57

SPEC Symmachia hazelana Hall & Willmott, 1996

SPEC Symmachia hetaerina Hewitson, 1867

SUBS Symmachia hetaerina hetaerina Hewitson, 1867

SUBS Symmachia hetaerina hesione Stichel, 1910^ref.81

SPEC Symmachia hippea Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]

SPEC Symmachia hippodice Godman, 1903

SPEC Symmachia hypochloris (Bates, 1868) (Emesis)^ref.18

SPEC Symmachia jugurtha Staudinger, [1887]

SPEC Symmachia juratrix Westwood, 1851

SPEC Symmachia leena Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Symmachia leena leena Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Symmachia leena harmodius Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Symmachia leena harveyi Brévignon, 1998^ref.82

SUBS Symmachia leena punctata Butler, 1877

SPEC Symmachia leopardinum (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Cricosoma)

SPEC Symmachia maeonius Staudinger, 1888

SPEC Symmachia menetas (Drury, 1782) (Papilio)

SUBS Symmachia menetas menetas (Drury, 1782) (Papilio)

SUBS Symmachia menetas eurina Schaus, 1902

SPEC Symmachia mielkei (Hall & Furtado, 1999) (Xenandra)^ref.18

SPEC Symmachia miron Grose-Smith, 1898

SUBS Symmachia miron miron Grose-Smith, 1898

SUBS Symmachia miron pulchellita Brévignon & Gallard, 1992

SPEC Symmachia multesima (Stichel, 1910)

SPEC Symmachia nemesis Le Cerf, 1958

SPEC Symmachia norina Hewitson, 1867

SSYN Symmachia rita Staudinger, [1887]^ref.82

SPEC Symmachia pardalia Stichel, 1924

SPEC Symmachia pardalis Hewitson, 1867

SPEC Symmachia pena Hall & Lamas, 2007

SPEC Symmachia phaedra (Bates, 1868) (Cricosoma)

SUBS Symmachia phaedra phaedra (Bates, 1868) (Cricosoma)

SUBS Symmachia phaedra asclepia Hewitson, 1870

SPEC Symmachia poirieri Gallard, 2009^ref.54

SPEC Symmachia praxila Westwood, [1851] ^ref.20

SPEC Symmachia probetor* (Stoll, 1782) (Papilio)

SUBS Symmachia probetor probetor (Stoll, 1782) (Papilio)

SUBS Symmachia probetor championi (Godman & Salvin, 1886)

SUBS Symmachia rosanti Gallard, 2008^ref.82

SPEC Symmachia rubina Bates, 1866

SUBS Symmachia rubina rubina Bates, 1866

SUBS Symmachia rubina separata Lathy, 1932

SPEC Symmachia rubrica (Stichel, 1929) (Polystichtis)

SPEC Symmachia satana Hall & Harvey, 2007

SPEC Symmachia sepyra (Hewitson, 1877) (Erycina)

SPEC Symmachia splendida (Salazar & Constantino, 1993) (Calospila)

SPEC Symmachia stigmosissima (Stichel, 1910)

SUBS Symmachia stigmosissima stigmosissima (Stichel, 1910)

SUBS Symmachia stigmosissima eddyi Gallard, 2008^ref.82

SPEC Symmachia suevia Hewitson, 1877

SPEC Symmachia technema (Stichel, 1910)

SPEC Symmachia threissa Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Symmachia threissa threissa Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Symmachia threissa seducta Brévignon, 1993

SPEC Symmachia tigrina Hewitson, 1867

SUBS Symmachia titiana titiana Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Symmachia titiana occidentalis Rodríguez, Salazar & Constantino, 2010^ref.17

SPEC Symmachia triangularis (Thieme, 1907) (Panara)

SPEC Symmachia tricolor Hewitson, 1867

SPEC Symmachia virgatula (Stichel, 1910)

SUBS Symmachia virgatula virgatula (Stichel, 1910)

SUBS Symmachia virgatula urichi Kaye, 1925

SPEC Symmachia virgaurea (Stichel, 1910)

SUBS Symmachia virgaurea virgaurea (Stichel, 1910)

SUBS Symmachia virgaurea caucaensis Salazar & Constantino, 2000

SUBS Symmachia virgaurea souadae Benmesbah & Costa, 2020

SPEC Symmachia xypete (Hewitson, 1870) (Mesene)

GENU Esthemopsis Felder & Felder, 1865

SPEC Esthemopsis alicia (Bates, 1865) (Pheles)

SUBS Esthemopsis alicia alicia (Bates, 1865) (Pheles)

SUBS Esthemopsis alicia saracena Grose-Smith, 1902

SUBS Esthemopsis chocoana Rodríguez, Salazar & Constantino, 2010^ref.17

SPEC Esthemopsis clonia* Felder & Felder, 1865

SPEC Esthemopsis colaxes Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Esthemopsis colaxes colaxes Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Esthemopsis colaxes guianensis (Hall, 1939) (Tmetoglene)

SPEC Esthemopsis crystallina Brévignon & Gallard, 1992

SPEC Esthemopsis diamantina Dias, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande, 2014^ref.47

SPEC Esthemopsis jesse (Butler, 1870) (Lymnas)

SUBS Esthemopsis jesse jesse (Butler, 1870) (Lymnas)

SUBS Esthemopsis jesse aeniacus Hewitson, 1876

SPEC Esthemopsis macara (Grose-Smith, 1902) (Lepricornis)

SPEC Esthemopsis pallida Lathy, 1932^ref.47

SPEC Esthemopsis pherephatte (Godart, 1824) (Erycina)

SPEC Esthemopsis sateri Dolibaina, Dias, Mielke & Casagrande, 2014^ref.47

SPEC Esthemopsis sericina (Bates, 1867) (Pseudopheles)

SPEC Esthemopsis talamanca Hall & Harvey 2007 ^ref.20

SPEC Esthemopsis teras (Stichel, 1910) (Lepricornis)^ref.47

SUBS Esthemopsis teras teras (Stichel, 1910) (Lepricornis)

SUBS Esthemopsis teras thouvenoti Gallard, 2017^ref.82

GENU Chimastrum Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Chimastrum aeolia (Bates, 1868) (Comphotis)^ref.82

SPEC Chimastrum argentea* (Bates, 1866) (Mesene)

SUBS Chimastrum argentea argentea (Bates, 1866) (Mesene)

SUBS Chimastrum argentea carnutes (Hewitson 1875) (Esthemopsis)

SUBS Chimastrum argentea flavibasis (Lathy 1932) (Chimastrum)

SPEC Chimastrum celina (Esthemopsis, Bates, 1868)
GENU Lucillella^b Strand, 1932 (4 spp)

SPEC Lucillella aphrodita Rodríguez, Salazar & Constantino, 2010^ref.17

SPEC Lucillella asterra (Grose-Smith, 1898) (Lucilla)

SPEC Lucillela arcoirisa Hall & Willmott, 2010

SPEC Lucillella camissa* (Hewitson, 1870) (Lucilla)

SPEC Lucillella pomposa (Stichel, 1910) (Lucilla)

SPEC Lucillella suberra (Hewitson, 1877) (Lucilla)

SPEC Lucillela splendida Hall & Harvey 2007
GENU Xenandra^b Felder & Felder, 1865 (9 spp)

SPEC Xenandra agria (Hewitson [1853]) (Limnas)

SSYN Xenandra heliodes* Felder & Felder, 1865 ^ref.18

SSYN Xenandra heliodes heliodes Felder & Felder, 1865^ref.18

SSYN Xenandra heliodes dibapha Stichel, 1909 ^ref.18

SPEC Xenandra ahrenholzi Hall & Willmott 2007^ref.18

SPEC Xenandra desora Schaus, 1928

SPEC Xenandra helius (Cramer, 1779) (Papilio)

SUBS Xenandra helius helius (Cramer, 1779) (Papilio)

SUBS Xenandra helius cruentata Stichel, 1909

SPEC Xenandra nigrivenata Schaus, 1913

SPEC Xenandra pelopia (Druce 1890) (Castnia)

SPEC Xenandra poliotactis (Stichel, 1910) (Esthemopsis)

SPEC Xenandra vulcanalis Stichel, 1910
GENU Xynias^b Hewitson, 1874 (2 spp)

SPEC Xynias lilacina Lathy, 1932

SPEC Xynias lithosina (Bates, 1868) (Esthemopsis)

SUBS Xynias lithosina lithosina (Bates, 1868) (Esthemopsis)

SUBS Xynias lithosina christalla Grose-Smith, 1902

SUBS Xynias lithosina cynosema* Hewitson, 1874

SUBS Xynias lithosina potaronus Kaye, 1919
GENU Pterographium^b Stichel, 1910 (1 sp)

SPEC Pterographium sicora* (Hewitson 1875) (Panara)
GENU Alethea Nielsen & Salazar, 2017^ref.41

Type species: Siseme pedias Godman, 1903

SPEC Alethea pedias (Godman, 1903) (Siseme)^ref.41

TRIB Helicopini (48 spp)

GENU Anteros Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Anteros acheus (Stoll 1781) (Papilio)

SUBS Anteros acheus acheus (Stoll 1781) (Papilio)

SUBS Anteros acheus ampyx (Drury, 1782) (Papilio)

SUBS Anteros acheus troas Stichel, 1909

SPEC Anteros aliceae Dias & Siewert, 2014^ref.12

SPEC Anteros allectus Westwood, 1851

SUBS Anteros allectus allectus Westwood, 1851

SUBS Anteros allectus magnificus Brévignon, 2015^ref.82

SPEC Anteros aurigans Gallard & Brévignon, 1989

SPEC Anteros bracteata Hewitson, 1867

SPEC Anteros chrysoprasta Hewitson, 1867

SPEC Anteros cruentatus Stichel, 1911

SPEC Anteros ethani Dias, Dolibaina & Mielke, 2014^ref.12

SPEC Anteros formosus* (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio) ^ref.12

SSYN Anteros formosus stramentarius Stichel, 1909 ^ref.12

SPEC Anteros gentilis (Rebillard, 1958) (Antheros)

SPEC Anteros kupris Hewitson, 1875

SUBS Anteros kupris kupris Hewitson, 1875

SUBS Anteros kupris aureocultus Stichel, 1909

SPEC Anteros lectabilis Stichel, 1909

SPEC Anteros micon Druce, 1875 ^ref.12

SPEC Anteros milae Brévignon, 2015^ref.82

SPEC Anteros nubosus Hall & Willmott, 1995

SPEC Anteros otho Westwood, 1851

SPEC Anteros roratus Godman & Salvin, 1886 ^ref.12

SPEC Anteros theleia Stichel, 1910 ^ref.12

SPEC Anteros zikani Siewert, Dias & Dolibaina, 2014^ref.12
GENU Helicopis Fabricius, 1807

SPEC Helicopis cupido* (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)

SUBS Helicopis cupido cupido (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)

SUBS Helicopis cupido belemensis Le Moult, 1940

SUBS Helicopis cupido erotica Seitz, 1913

SUBS Helicopis cupido gradiva Stichel, 1919

SUBS Helicopis cupido incerta Meier-Ramel, 1928

SUBS Helicopis cupido lindeni Grote, 1877

SUBS Helicopis cupido nigra Riley, 1919

SUBS Helicopis cupido pseudolindeni Le Moult, 1940

SUBS Helicopis cupido trinitatis Seitz, 1913

SPEC Helicopis endymiaena (Hübner, 1819) (Hexuropteris)

SUBS Helicopis endymiaena endymiaena (Hübner, 1819) (Hexuropteris)

SUBS Helicopis endymiaena elegans Kaye, 1904

SPEC Helicopis gnidus (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Helicopis gnidus gnidus (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Helicopis gnidus beaulieui Le Moult, 1939

SUBS Helicopis gnidus galatea Stichel, 1919

SUBS Helicopis gnidus interrupta Le Moult, 1939

SUBS Helicopis gnidus medialis Schaus & Cockerell, 1923

SUBS Helicopis gnidus nigrobasalis Aurivillius, 1929

SUBS Helicopis gnidus obidonus Le Moult, 1939
GENU Sarota Westwood, 1851

SPEC Sarota acanthoides (Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]) (Nymphidium)

SPEC Sarota acantus (Stoll, 1781) (Papilio)

SPEC Sarota chloropunctata Hall, 1998

SPEC Sarota chocoensis Hall, 1998

SPEC Sarota chrysus* (Stoll, 1781) (Papilio)

SPEC Sarota completa Hall, 1998

SPEC Sarota craspediodonta (Dyar, 1918) (Charis)

SPEC Sarota estrada Schaus, 1928

SUBS Sarota estrada estrada Schaus, 1928

SUBS Sarota estrada sabanilla Hall, 1998

SPEC Sarota flavicincta Lathy, 1932^ref.82

SUBS Sarota flavicincta flavicincta Lathy, 1932^ref.82

SUBS Sarota flavicincta atlantica Brévignon & Gallard, 1998^ref.82

SPEC Sarota gamelia Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Sarota gamelia gamelia Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Sarota gamelia alba Hall, 1998

SPEC Sarota gyas (Cramer 1775) (Papilio)

SPEC Sarota harveyi Hall, 1998

SPEC Sarota karishmae Brévignon, 2016 ^ref.11

SPEC Sarota lasciva (Stichel, 1911) (Charis)

SPEC Sarota miranda Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Sarota myrtea Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Sarota neglecta Stichel, 1910

SPEC Sarota psaros Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Sarota psaros psaros Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Sarota psaros albidisca (Lathy, 1932) (Charis)

SUBS Sarota psaros psaronius (Stichel, 1911) (Charis)

SUBS Sarota psaros punctinegris Gallard, 2017^ref.82

SPEC Sarota spicata (Staudinger, 1888) (Anteros)

SPEC Sarota subtessellata (Schaus, 1913)(Charis)

SPEC Sarota turrialbensis (Schaus, 1913)(Charis)

SPEC Sarota willmotti Hall, 1998
GENU Ourocnemis^b Bethune-Baker, 1887 (3 spp)

SPEC Ourocnemis archytas (Stoll 1787) (Papilio)

SPEC Ourocnemis axiochus* (Hewitson, 1867) (Anteros) ^ref.12

SPEC Ourocnemis boulleti Le Cerf, 1911

SPEC Ourocnemis carausius Westwood, 1851 (Anteros)^ref.90

SUBS Ourocnemis carausius carausius Westwood, 1851

SUBS Ourocnemis carausius yurakchupa Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Ourocnemis principalis Hopffer, 1874 (Anteros)^ref.90

SPEC Ourocnemis renaldus (Stoll, 1790) (Papilio)^ref.90

SUBS Ourocnemis renaldus renaldus (Stoll, 1790) (Papilio)

SUBS Ourocnemis renaldus indigator Stichel, 1911

SUBS Ourocnemis renaldus notius Stichel, 1911

SPEC Ourocnemis aerosus Stichel, 1924 (Anteros)^ref.90

TRIB Emesidini (57 sp/ 36 ssp)

GENU Emesis Fabricius, 1807 Type species: Hesperia ovidius Fabricius, 1793
SGEN Emesis Fabricius, 1807 Type species: Hesperia ovidius Fabricius, 1793

SPEC Emesis aerigera (Stichel, 1910) (Charmona)

SPEC Emesis cerea (Linnaeus, 1767) (Papilio)^x

SUBS Emesis cerea cerea (Linnaeus, 1767) (Papilio)

SSYN =ovidius* (Fabricius, 1783) (Hesperia)

SSYN =fatima (Cramer, 1780) (Papilio)

SSYN =caeneus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Papilio) incorrect spelling

SUBS Emesis cereus cronina Schaus, 1928

SPEC Emesis orichalceus Stichel, 1916

SPEC Emesis fatimella Westwood, 1851

SUBS Emesis fatimella fatimella Westwood, 1851

SSYN =fatima (Cramer, 1780) (Papilio)

SSYN =ovidius Godart, 1824 (Emesis)

SUBS Emesis fatimella nobilata Stichel, 1910

SPEC Emesis lacrines Hewitson, 1870

SPEC Emesis malik Callaghan, Costa, trujano-ortega & Benmesbah, 2021 ^ref.92

SPEC Emesis neemias Hewitson, 1872

SUBS Emesis neemias neemias Hewitson, 1872

SUBS Emesis neemias cayennensis Gallard, 2017^ref.82

SGEN Mandania Grishin, 2019 Type species: Emesis furor Butler & Druce, 1872^ref.83

SPEC Emesis furor Butler & Druce, 1872^ref.83

SSYN =angulariformes Strand, 1916

SPEC Emesis mandana (Cramer, 1780) (Papilio)

SSYN =flegia (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

SSYN =polymenus (Fabricius, 1793) (Papilio)

SSYN =arminius (Fabricius, 1793) (Papilio)

SSYN =ops (Latreile, 1783) (Erycina)

SSYN =mandane (Hübner, 1819) (Polystichis)

SPEC Emesis russula Stichel, 1910

SGEN Tenedia Grishin, 2019 Type species: Emesis tenedia Felder & Felder, 1861^ref.83

SPEC Emesis angularis Hewitson, 1870

SPEC Emesis cypria Felder & Felder, 1861

SUBS Emesis cypria cypria Felder & Felder, 1861

SUBS Emesis cypria capnodis Stichel, 1911

SUBS Emesis cypria cilix Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Emesis cypria guppyi Kaye, 1904

SUBS Emesis cypria paphia R. Felder, 1869

SPEC Emesis heterochroa Hopffer, 1874

SPEC Emesis lupina Godman & Salvin, 1886

SSYN =fasciata Strand, 1916

SSYN =tristis Stichel, 1929

SPEC Emesis melancholica Stichel, 1916^{ref.82, ref.83}

SPEC Emesis ocypore (Geyer, 1837) (Polystichtis)

SUBS Emesis ocypore ocypore (Geyer, 1837) (Polystichtis)

SSYN =samius Seitz, 1916

SUBS Emesis ocypore aethalia Bates, 1868

SSYN =olivae Buttler & Druce, 1872

SUBS Emesis ocypore zelotes Hewitson, 1872

SPEC Emesis phyciodoides (Barnes & Benjamin, 1924) (Apodemia)^ref.83

SPEC Emesis saturata Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Emesis sinuata Hewitson, 1877

SPEC Emesis tegula Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Emesis tenedia Felder & Felder, 1861

SUBS Emesis tenedia tenedia Felder & Felder, 1861

SUBS Emesis tenedia guyanensis Gallard, 2017^ref.82

SPEC Emesis toltec Reakirt, 1866

SGEN Poeasia Grishin, 2019 Type species: Emesis poeas Godman, 1901^ref.83

SPEC Emesis poeas Godman, 1901

SGEN Brimia Grishin, 2019 Type species: Emesis brimo Godman & Salvin, 1889^ref.83

SPEC Emesis brimo Godman & Salvin, 1889

SUBS Emesis brimo brimo Godman & Salvin, 1889

SUBS Emesis brimo insulicola Vargas & Salazar 2017^ref.41

SUBS Emesis brimo vimena Schaus, 1928^ref.83

SPEC Emesis progne (Godman 1903) (Symmachia)^ref.83

SPEC Emesis temesa (Hewitson, 1870) (Symmachia)

SUBS Emesis temesa temesa (Hewitson, 1870) (Symmachia)

SUBS Emesis temesa peruviana (Lathy, 1904) (Symmachia)

SPEC Emesis satema (Schaus, 1902) (Symmachia)

SGEN Aphacitis Hübner, [1819] Type species: Emesis dyndima Godman & Salvin, 1889^ref.83

SPEC Emesis aurimna (Boisduval, 1870) (Nelone)

SPEC Emesis castigata Stichel, 1910

SUBS Emesis castigata castigata Stichel, 1910

SPEC Emesis condigna Stichel, 1925

SPEC Emesis diogenia Prittwitz, 1865

SPEC Emesis eurydice Godman, 1903

SPEC Emesis fastidiosa Ménétriés, 1855

SPEC Emesis glaucescens Talbot, 1929

SPEC Emesis heteroclita Stichel, 1929

SUBS Emesis heteroclita heteroclita Stichel, 1929

SUBS Emesis heteroclita adelpha Le Cerf, 1958^ref.83

SUBS Emesis heteroclita vicaria Le Cerf, 1958^ref.83

SPEC Emesis liodes Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Emesis lucinda (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Emesis lucinda lucinda (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SSYN =dyndima (Cramer, 1780) (Papilio)

SSYN =lassus (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Emesis lucinda parvissima Kaye, 1921

SPEC Emesis opaca Stichel, 1910^ref.83

SSYN = diringeri Gallard, 2008^{ref.68, ref.83<}

SPEC Emesis spreta Bates, 1868

SPEC Emesis vulpina Godman & Salvin, 1886

GENU Curvie Grishin, 2019 Type species: Symmachia emesia Hewitson, 1867 ^ref.83

SPEC Curvie emesia (Hewitson, 1867) (Symmachia)^ref.83

GENU Apodemia Felder & Felder, 1865 Type species: Lemonias mormo Felder & Felder, 1859
SGEN Apodemia Felder & Felder, 1865Type species: Lemonias mormo Felder & Felder, 1859

SPEC Apodemia mormo* (Felder & Felder, 1859) (Lemonias)

SPEC Apodemia multiplaga Schaus, 1902

SPEC Apodemia duryi (Edwards, 1882) (Lemonias)

SPEC Apodemia mejicanus (Behr, 1865) (Nemeobius)

SPEC Apodemia virgulti (Behr, 1865) (Nemobius)

SGEN Neoapodemia Trujano-Ortega, 2018^ref.83

SPEC Apodemia ares (Edwards, 1882) (Lemonias)^ref.83

SPEC Apodemia arnacis Stichel, 1928^ref.83

SPEC Apodemia nais* Edwards, 1876

SPEC Apodemia chisosensis (Freeman, 1964)

SPEC Apodemia zela Butler, 1870^ref.83

SUBS Apodemia zela zela Butler 1870^ref.83

SUBS Apodemia zela cleis (Edwards, 1882) (Lemonias)^ref.83

SGEN Plesioarida Trujano-Ortega & García-Vázquez, 2018^ref.83

SPEC Apodemia hepburni Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Apodemia hepburni hepburni Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Apodemia hepburni remota Austin, 1991

SPEC Apodemia hypoglauca (Godman & Salvin, 1879) (Lemonias)

SUBS Apodemia hypoglauca hypoglauca (Godman & Salvin, 1879) (Lemonias)

SUBS Apodemia hypoglauca wellingi Ferris, 1985

SPEC Apodemia murphy Austin, [1989]

SPEC Apodemia palmerii (Edwards, 1870) (Lemonias)

SUBS Apodemia palmerii palmerii (Edwards, 1870) (Lemonias)

SSYN =marginalis (Skinner, 1920) (Lemonias)

SUBS Apodemia palmerii arizona Austin, [1989]

SUBS Apodemia palmerii australis Autin, [1989]

SPEC Apodemia planecaDela Maza & De La Maza, 2017^ref.83

SPEC Apodemia selvatica De la Maza & De la Maza, 2017

SPEC Apodemia walkeri* Godman & Salvin, 1886

TRIB Befrostiini Grishin, 2019 (1 spp)^ref.83

GENU Befrostia Grishin, 2019 Type species Emsis elegia Stichel, 1929^ref.83

SPEC Befrostia elegia (Stichel, 1929) (Emesis)^ref.83

TRIB Sertaniini (3 spp)

GENU Sertania Callaghan & Kaminski, 2017

SPEC Sertania guttata* (Stichel, 1910)

SPEC Sertania jaibensis (Callaghan & Soares, 2001)

SPEC Sertania lambedor (Jauffret, Jauffret & Pessôa, 2008)
GENU Xanthosa Grishin, 2019^ref.83 Type species: Charmona xanthosa Stichel, 1910

SPEC Xanthosa xanthosa (Stichel, 1910) (Charmona)

TRIB Dianesiini (1 sp)

GENU Dianesia Harvey & Clench, 1980

SPEC Dianesia carteri* (Holland, 1902) (Charis)

SUBS Dianesia carteri carteri (Holland, 1902) (Charis)

SUBS Dianesia carteri ramsdeni (Skinaner, 1912) (Mesosemia)

TRIB Callistiumini (1 sp)

^ref.90

GENU Callistium^b Stichel, 1911 (2 spp)

SPEC Callistium cleadas (Hewitson, 1866)* (Charis)

TRIB Riodinini (289 spp)

GENU Astraeodes Staudinger, [1887]

SPEC Astraeodes areuta* (Westwood, 1851)
GENU Caria Hübner, 1823

SPEC Caria castalia (Ménétriés, 1855) (Symmachia)

SPEC Caria chrysame (Hewitson, 1874) (Symmachia)

SUBS Caria chrysame chrysame (Hewitson, 1874) (Symmachia)

SUBS Caria chrysame psittacus (Hopffer, 1874) (Symmachia)

SPEC Caria domitianus (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Caria domitianus domitianus (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Caria domitianus galbula (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Symmachia)

SUBS Caria domitianus vejento Clench, 1967

SPEC Caria ino Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Caria ino ino Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Caria ino melicerta Schaus, 1890

SPEC Caria mantinea (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Symmachia)

SUBS Caria mantinea mantinea (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Symmachia)

SUBS Caria mantinea leto Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Caria marsyas Godman 1903

SPEC Caria melino Dyar 1912

SPEC Caria plutargus* (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Caria plutargus plutargus (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Caria plutargus amazonica (Bates 1868) (Symmachia)

SPEC Caria rhacotis (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Symmachia)

SPEC Caria sponsa (Staudinger, [1887]) (Symmachia)

SPEC Caria stillaticia Dyar, 1912

SPEC Caria tabrenthia Schaus, 1902

SPEC Caria trochilus Erichson, [1849]

SUBS Caria trochilus trochilus Erichson, 1849

SUBS Caria trochilus arete (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Symmachia)
GENU Barbicornis Godart, [1824]

SPEC Barbicornis basilis* Godart, [1824]

SUBS Barbicornis basilis basilis Godart, [1824]

SUBS Barbicornis basilis acroleuca Berg, 1896

SUBS Barbicornis basilis bahiana Azzará, 197

SUBS Barbicornis basilis ephippium Thieme, 1907

SUBS Barbicornis basilis marginata Seitz, 1913

SUBS Barbicornis basilis mona Westowood, 1851

SUBS Barbicornis basilis paraopeba Azzará, 1978

SUBS Barbicornis basilis tucumana Thieme, 1907
GENU Chamaelimnas Felder & Felder, 1865

SPEC Chamelimnas tircis* Felder & Felder, 1865

SPEC Chamelimnas briola Bates, 1868

SUBS Chamelimnas briola briola Bates, 1868

SUBS Chamelimnas briola batado Brévignon, 1998^ref.82

SUBS Chamelimnas briola doryphora Stichel, 1910

SUBS Chamelimnas briola meridionalis Lathy, 1932

SUBS Chamelimnas briola urbana Stichel, 1916

SPEC Chamelimnas cercides Stichel, 1910

SPEC Chamelimnas cydonia Stichel, 1910

SPEC Chamelimnas joviana Schaus, 1902

SPEC Chamelimnas splendens Grose-Smith, 1902

SUBS Chamelimnas tircis tircis Felder & Felder, 1865

SUBS Chamelimnas tircis iaeris Bates, 1868

SUBS Chamelimnas tircis pansa Godman 1903
GENU Metacharis Butler, 1867

SPEC Metacharis cuparina Bates, 1868

SPEC Metacharis fergussi Hall, 2005

SPEC Metacharis lucius (Fabricius, 1793)

SPEC Metacharis nigrella Bates, 1868

SPEC Metacharis ptolomaeus* (Fabricius, 1793)

SPEC Metacharis regalis Butler, 1867

SUBS Metacharis regalis regalis Butler, 1867

SUBS Metacharis regalis indissimilis Weeks, 1901

SPEC Metacharis smalli Hall, 2005

SPEC Metacharis syloes Hewitson, 1877

SPEC Metacharis victrix (Hewitson, 1877)

SPEC Metacharis xanthocraspedum Stichel, 1910
GENU Baeotis Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Baeotis attali Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Baeotis bacaenis Hewitson, 1874

SPEC Baeotis bacaenita Schaus, 1902

SPEC Baeotis barce Hewitson, 1875

SUBS Baeotis barce barce Hewitson, 1875

SUBS Baeotis barce corentyna Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Baeotis capreolus Stichel, 1910

SUBS Baeotis capreolus capreolus Stichel, 1910

SUBS Baeotis capreolus robini Brévignon, 1995

SPEC Baeotis cephissa (Hewitson, 1875) (Calydna)

SPEC Baeotis choroniensis Lichy, 1946

SPEC Baeotis creusis Hewitson, 1874

SPEC Baeotis elegantula Hopffer, 1874

SPEC Baeotis euprepes (Bates, 1868) (Boeotis)

SUBS Baeotis euprepes euprepes (Bates, 1868) (Boeotis)

SUBS Baeotis euprepes obscurior Brévignon, 1998

SUBS Baeotis euprepes orthotaenia Seitz, 1916

SPEC Baeotis felix Hewitson, 1874

SUBS Baeotis felix felix Hewitson, 1874

SUBS Baeotis felix felicissima Thieme, 1907

SPEC Baeotis hisbon* (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Baeotis hisbon hisbon (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio)

SUBS Baeotis hisbon disjuncta Brévignon, 1998^ref.82

SPEC Baeotis johannae Sharpe, 1890

SUBS Baeotis johannae johannae Sharpe, 1890

SUBS Baeotis johannae cearaica Seitz, 1916

SPEC Baeotis kadenii (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Lemonias)

SPEC Baeotis macularia^d (Boisduval, 1870) (Mesene)

SPEC Baeotis melanis Hübner, [1831]

SPEC Baeotis nesaea Godman & Salvin, 1889

SPEC Baeotis prima (Bates, 1868) (Boeotis)

SUBS Baeotis prima prima (Bates, 1868) (Boeotis)

SUBS Baeotis prima nigricans Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Baeotis sulphurea^d (Felder, 1869) (Charis)

SPEC Baeotis staudingeri D’Abrera, 1994

SPEC Baeotis vicosa P. Jauffret, J. Jauffret & Pessôa, 2008^ref.51

SPEC Baeotis zonata Felder, 1869

SUBS Baeotis zonata zonata Felder, 1869

SUBS Baeotis zonata dryades Dognin, 1891
GENU Dachetola Hall, 2001

SPEC Dachetola azora (Godart, 1824)

SPEC Dachetola caligata (Stichel, 1911)*

SPEC Dachetola pione (Bates, 1868)

SPEC Dachetola virido (Lathy, 1958)
GENU Cartea W. F. Kirby, 1871

SPEC Cartea ucayala Thieme, 1907

SPEC Cartea vitula (Hewitson, 1853)*

SUBS Cartea vitula vitula (Hewitson, [1853])

SUBS Cartea vitula tapajona (Bates, 1868)

SUBS Cartea vitula trailii Buttler 1877

SPEC Cartea chiribiquetensis Salazar & Constantino, 2007 ^ref.23
GENU Parcella Stichel, 1910

SPEC Parcella amarynthina (Felder & Felder, 1865)* (Amblygonia)
GENU Syrmatia Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Syrmatia aethiops Staudinger, 1888

SPEC Syrmatia astraea Staudinger, 1888

SPEC Syrmatia lamia Bates, 1868

SPEC Syrmatia nyx (Hübner, [1817])* (Limnas)
GENU Pheles Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]

SPEC Pheles atricolor (Butler, 1871) (Lepricornis)

SUBS Pheles atricolor atricolor (Butler, 1871) (Lepricornis)

SUBS Pheles atricolor malmanoury (Brévignon, 1998) (Lepricornis)

SPEC Pheles caatinguensis Callaghan & Nobre, 2014^ref.78

SPEC Pheles eulesca (Dyar, 1909) (Tmetoglene)

SPEC Pheles heliconides Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]*

SUBS Pheles heliconides heliconides Herrich-Schäffer, 1853

SUBS Pheles heliconides rufotincta Bates, 1868

SPEC Pheles incerta Staudinger, [1887]

SPEC Pheles melanchroia (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Lepricornis)

SPEC Pheles ochracea (Stichel, 1910) (Lepricornis)

SPEC Pheles obscura C. Mielke, Dolibaina & Dias, 2015^ref.49

SPEC Pheles plaumanni Dolibaina & Dias, 2015^ref.49

SPEC Pheles strigosa (Staudinger, 1876) (Esthemopsis)

SUBS Pheles strigosa strigosa (Staudinger, 1876) (Esthemopsis)

SUBS Pheles strigosa tristis (Schaus, 1902) (Lepricornis)
GENU Lasaia Bates,, 1868

SPEC Lasaia aerugo Clench 1972

SPEC Lasaia agesilas (Latreille, [1809]) (Erycina)

SUBS Lasaia agesilas agesilas (Latreille, [1809]) (Erycina)

SUBS Lasaia agesilas callaina Clench, 1972

SPEC Lasaia arsis Staudinger, [1887]

SPEC Lasaia cutisca Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Lasaia kennethi Weeks, 1901

SPEC Lasaia lalannei Gallard, 2008^ref.68

SPEC Lasaia maria Clench, 1972

SUBS Lasaia maria maria Clench, 1972

SUBS Lasaia maria anna Clench, 1972

SPEC Lasaia maritima Hall & Lamas, 2001

SPEC Lasaia meris (Stoll, 1781)* (Papilio)

SPEC Lasaia moeros Staudinger, 1888

SPEC Lasaia oileus Godman, 1903

SPEC Lasaia pseudomeris Clench, 1972

SPEC Lasaia sessilis Schaus, 1890

SPEC Lasaia sula Staudinger, 1888

SUBS Lasaia sula sula Staudinger, 1888

SUBS Lasaia sula peninsularis Clench, 1972
GENU Charis^a Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Charis anius (Cramer, 1776)* (Papilio)

GENU Inkana Grishin, 2021 Type species: Charis incoides ^ref.90

SPEC Inkana incoides (Schaus 1902) (Charis) ^ref.90

GENU Chadia Grishin, 2021 Type species: Charis cadytis^ref.90

SPEC Chadia cadytis (Hewitson, 1866) (Charis) ^ref.90

GENU Putridivora Grishin, 2021 Type species: Charis argyrea ^ref.90

SPEC Putridivora argyrea (Bates, 1868) (Charis)

GENU Detritivora^a Hall & Harvey, 2002

SPEC Detritivora ariquemes (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora barnesi (Hall & Harvey, 2001) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora brasilia (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora breves (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora cacaulandia (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora callaghani (Hall & Harvey, 2001) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora caryatis (Hewitson, 1866) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora cleonus (Stoll, 1781) (Papilio)

SPEC Detritivora cuiaba (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora gallardi (Hall & Harvey, 2001) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora gynaea (Godart, [1824]) (Erycina)

SPEC Detritivora hermodora (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora humaita (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora ipiranga (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora iquitos (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora ma (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora major (Lathy 1932) (Charmona)

SPEC Detritivora manicore (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora manu (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora mapaou Gallard & Fernandez, 2017 ^ref.8

SPEC Detritivora matic (Harvey & Hall, 2002)* (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora maues (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora negro (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora nicolayi (Hall & Harvey, 2001) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora palcazu (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora rocana (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora santarem (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora smalli (Hall & Harvey, 2001) (Charis)

SUBS Detritivora smalli smalli (Hall & Harvey, 2001) (Charis)

SUBS Detritivora smalli harveyi Gallard, 2008^ref.68

SPEC Detritivora tapajos (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora tefe (Harvey & Hall, 2002) (Charis)

SPEC Detritivora zama (Bates, 1868) (Charis)
GENU Calephelis Grote & Robinson, 1869

SPEC Calephelis acapulcoensis McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis argyrodines (Bates, 1866) (Charis)

SPEC Calephelis arizonensis McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis aymaran McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis azteca McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis bajaensis McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis borealis (Grote & Robinson, 1866) (Nymphidia)^ref.7

SPEC Calephelis braziliensis McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis brevis Austin, 2008^ref.74

SPEC Calephelis browni McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis burgeri McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis candiope (Druce 1904) (Charis)

SPEC Calephelis canus Austin, 2008^ref.74

SPEC Calephelis clenchi McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis costaricicola Strand, 1916

SPEC Calephelis distinctus Austin, 2008^ref.74

SPEC Calephelis dreisbachi McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis exigua Austin, 1993

SPEC Calephelis freemani McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis fulmen (Stichel, 1910) (Calephelis)

SPEC Calephelis guatemala McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis huasteca McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis inca McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis indistinctus Austin, 2008^ref.74

SPEC Calephelis iris (Staudinger, 1876) (Charis)

SPEC Calephelis laverna (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Charis)

SUBS Calephelis laverna laverna (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Charis)

SUBS Calephelis laverna parva Austin, 1993

SUBS Calephelis laverna trinidadensis McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis matheri McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis maya McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis mexicana McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis montezuma McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis muticum McAlpine, 1937

SPEC Calephelis nemesis (Edwards, 1871) (Charis)

SUBS Calephelis nemesis nemesis (Edwards, 1871) (Charis)

SUBS Calephelis nemesis australis (Edwards, 1877) (Charis)

SUBS Calephelis nemesis californica McAlpine, 1971

SUBS Calephelis nemesis dammersi McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis nilus (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Charis)

SPEC Calephelis perditalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918

SUBS Calephelis perditalis perditalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918

SUBS Calephelis perditalis donahuei McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis rawsoni McAlpine 1939

SPEC Calephelis rotundum Austin, 2008^ref.74

SPEC Calephelis sacapulas McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis schausi McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis sinaloensis McAlpine, 1971

SUBS Calephelis sinaloensis sinaloensis McAlpine, 1971

SUBS Calephelis sinaloensis nuevoleon McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis sixola McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis sodalis Austin, 1993

SPEC Calephelis stallingsi McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis tapuyo McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis tikal Austin, 1993

SPEC Calephelis velutina (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Charis)

SPEC Calephelis virginiensis (Guérin-Méneville, [1832])* (Erycina)

SPEC Calephelis wellingi McAlpine, 1971

SUBS Calephelis wellingi wellingi McAlpine, 1971

SUBS Calephelis wellingi baleuensis McAlpine, 1971

SPEC Calephelis wrighti Holland, 1930

SPEC Calephelis yautepequensis Maza & Turrent, 1977

SPEC Calephelis yucatana McAlpine, 1971
GENU Crocozona Felder & Felder, 1865

SPEC Crocozona coecias (Hewitson, 1866) (Charis)

SUBS Crocozona coecias coecias (Hewitson, 1866) (Charis)

SUBS Crocozona coecias arcuata (Godman, 1903) (Charis)

SPEC Crocozona croceifasciata Zikán, 1952

SPEC Crocozona fasciata (Hopffer, 1874) (Charis)

SUBS Crocozona fasciata fasciata (Hopffer, 1874) (Charis)

SSYN Crocozona fasciata ovalis^e Bryk, 1953

SUBS Crocozona fasciata clusia (Hewitson, 1875) (Charis)

SSYN Crocozona fasciata holmgreni^e Bryk, 1953

SPEC Crocozona pheretima Felder & Felder, 1865*

SPEC Crocozona caciparis Hewitson, 1871
GENU Chalodeta Stichel, 1910

SPEC Chalodeta chaonitis (Hewitson, 1866) (Charis)

SPEC Chalodeta chelonis (Hewitson, 1866) (Charis)

SPEC Chalodeta chitinosa Hall, 2002

SPEC Chalodeta chlosine Hall, 2002

SPEC Chalodeta lypera (Bates, 1868) (Charis)

SPEC Chalodeta panurga Stichel, 1910

SPEC Chalodeta pescada Hall & Willmott, 1998

SPEC Chalodeta theodora (Felder & Felder, 1862)* (Charis)
GENU Notheme Westwood, 1851

SPEC Notheme erota (Cramer, 1780)* (Phalaena)

SUBS Notheme erota erota (Cramer, 1780) (Phalaena)

SUBS Notheme erota agathon (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Amblygonia)

SUBS Notheme erota angellus Stichel, 1910

SUBS Notheme erota diadema Stichel, 1910

SUBS Notheme erota hemicosmeta Seitz, 1917
GENU Riodina Westwood, 1851

SPEC Riodina lysippus (Linaeus, 1758)*

SUBS Riodina lysippus lysippus (Linnaeus, 1758)

SUBS Riodina lysippus erratica Seitz, 1913

SUBS Riodina lysippus lysias Stichel, 1910

SPEC Riodina lysippoides Berg, 1882

SPEC Riodina lycisca (Hewitson, [1853])

SUBS Riodina lyscisca lycisca (Hewitson, [1853])

SUBS Riodina lycisca lysistratus Burmeister, 1878

SUBS Riodina lycisca pelta (Schaus, 1902) (Limnas?)
GENU Ithomeis Bates, 1862

SPEC Ithomeis aurantiaca Bates, 1862*

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca aurantiaca Bates, 1862

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca astrea (Felder & Felder, 1862) (Ithomiopsis)

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca bernardi Brévignon, 1998

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca corena (Felder & Felder, 1862) (Ithomiopsis)

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca delecta Stichel, 1910

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca heliconina Bates, 1862

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca lauronia Schaus, 1902

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca mimica Bates, 1862

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca satellites Bates, 1862

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca stalachtina Bates, 1862

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca coenoides (Hewitson, 1870) (Threnodes)^ref.90

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca ecuadorica Strand, 1911 ^ref.90

SUBS Ithomeis aurantiaca trochois (Hewitson, 1877) (Threnodes)^ref.90

SPEC Ithomeis eulema Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Ithomeis eulema eulema Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Ithomeis eulema caucana Salazar & Vargas 2017^ref.41

SUBS Ithomeis eulema imitatrix Godman & Salvin, 1878

SUBS Ithomeis eulema serena (Stichel, 1910) (Nahida)
GENU Amarynthis Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Amarynthis meneria (Cramer, 1776)*
GENU Lyropteryx Westwood, 1851

SPEC Lyropteryx apollonia Westwood, 1851*

SUBS Lyropteryx apollonia apollonia Westwood, 1851

SUBS Lyropteryx apollonia diana Stichel, 1910

SUBS Lyropteryx apollonia sparsa Stichel, 1924

SPEC Lyropteryx diadocis Stichel, 1910

SPEC Lyropteryx lyra Saunders, 1859

SUBS Lyropteryx lyra lyra Saunders, 1859

SUBS Lyropteryx lyra cleadas Druce, 1875

SPEC Lyropteryx terpsichore Westwood, 1851

SUBS Lyropteryx terpsichore terpsichore Westwood, 1851

SUBS Lyropteryx terpsichore zygaena Stichel, 1910
GENU Ancyluris Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Ancyluris aristodorus (Morisse, 1838)(Erycina)

SPEC Ancyluris aulestes (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Ancyluris aulestes aulestes (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Ancyluris aulestes callaghani Lamas, Constantino & Salazar, 2013^ref.34

SUBS Ancyluris aulestes eryxo (Saunders, 1859) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris aulestes jocularis Stichel, 1909

SUBS Ancyluris aulestes pandama (Saunders, 1850) (Erycina)

SPEC Ancyluris colubra (Saunders, 1859) (Erycina)

SPEC Ancyluris etias (Saunders, 1859) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris etias etias (Saunders, 1859) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris etias gracilis Stichel, 1910

SUBS Ancyluris etias mendita (Druce 1904) (Erycina)

SPEC Ancyluris formosissima (Hewitson, 1870) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris formosissima formosissima (Hewitson, 1870) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris formosissima venerabilis Stichel, 1916

SPEC Ancyluris inca (Saunders, 1850) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris inca inca (Saunders, 1850) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris inca cacica (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris inca caucaensis Rodríguez, Rodrígues & Constantino, 2013^ref.34

SUBS Ancyluris inca formosa (Hewitson, 1870) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris inca huascar (Saunders, 1859) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris inca miranda (Hewitson, 1874) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris inca pulchra (Hewitson, 1870) (Erycina)

SPEC Ancyluris jurgensenii (Saunders, 1850) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris jurgensenii jurgensenii (Saunders, 1850) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris jurgensenii atahualpa (Saunders, 1859) (Erycina)

SPEC Ancyluris meliboeus (Fabricius, 1776)* (Papilio)

SUBS Ancyluris meliboeus meliboeus (Fabricius, 1776) (Papilio)

SUBS Ancyluris meliboeus eudaemon Stichel, 1910

SUBS Ancyluris meliboeus julia (Saunders, 1850) (Erycina)

SPEC Ancyluris melior Stichel, 1910

SPEC Ancyluris miniola (Bates, 1868) (Erycina)

SPEC Ancyluris mira (Hewitson, 1874) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris mira mira (Hewitson, 1874) (Erycina)

SUBS Ancyluris mira furia Stichel, 1925

SUBS Ancyluris mira thaumasia Stichel, 1910

SUBS Ancyluris mira toussaintensis Brévignon, 2019^ref.85

SPEC vpaetula Stichel, 1916

SPEC Ancyluris paramba D’Abrera, 1994

SPEC Ancyluris rubrofilum Stichel, 1909

SPEC Ancyluris tedea (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Ancyluris tedea tedea (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Ancyluris tedea silvicultrix Stichel, 1909
GENU Rhetus Swainson, [1830]

SPEC Rhetus arcius (Linnaeus, 1763)* (Papilio)

SUBS Rhetus arcius arcius (Linnaeus, 1763) (Papilio)

SUBS Rhetus arcius amycus Stichel, 1909

SUBS Rhetus arcius angustifascia Lathy, 1932

SUBS Rhetus arcius beutelspacheri Llorente, 1988

SUBS Rhetus arcius castigatus Stichel, 1909

SUBS Rhetus arcius huana (Saunders, 1859) (Erycina)

SUBS Rhetus arcius pacificus Stichel, 1924

SUBS Rhetus arcius thia (Morisse, 1838)(Erycina)

SPEC Rhetus belphegor (Westwood, 1851)

SPEC Rhetus dysonii (Saunders, 1850)

SUBS Rhetus dysonii dysonii (Saunders 1850) (Erycina)

SUBS Rhetus dysonii caligosus Stichel, 1929

SUBS Rhetus dysonii psecas (Saunders, 1850) (Diorhina)

SPEC Rhetus periander (Cramer, 1777)

SUBS Rhetus periander periander (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Rhetus periander arthuriana (Sharpe, 1890) (Diorhina)

SUBS Rhetus periander eleusinus Stichel, 1910

SUBS Rhetus periander laonome (Morisse, 1838) (Diorina)

SUBS Rhetus periander naevianus Stichel, 1910
GENU Chorinea Gray, 1832

SPEC Chorinea amazon (Saunders, 1859) (Zaeonia)

SUBS Chorinea amazon amazon (Saunders, 1859) (Zaeonia)

SUBS Chorinea amazon antoniana Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Chorinea batesii (Saunders, 1859) (Zeonia)

SUBS Chorinea batesii batesii (Saunders, 1859) (Zeonia)

SUBS Chorinea batesii regina Brévignon, 1998

SPEC Chorinea bogota (Saunders, 1859) (Zeonia)

SPEC Chorinea gratiosa Stichel, 1910

SPEC Chorinea heliconides (Swainson, [1833]) (Zeonia)

SPEC Chorinea licursis (Fabricius, 1775)* (Papilio)

SPEC Chorinea octauius (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Chorinea octauius octauius (Fabricius, 1787) (Papilio)

SUBS Chorinea octauius orchestris Stichel, 1910

SPEC Chorinea sylphina (Bates, 1868) (Zeonia)
GENU Panara Doubleday, 1847

SPEC Panara aureizona Butler, 1874

SPEC Panara jarbas (Drury, 1782)* (Papilio)

SUBS Panara jarbas jarbas (Drury, 1782) (Papilio)

SUBS Panara jarbas episatnius Prittwitz, 1865

SUBS Panara jarbas thymele Stichel, 1909

SPEC Panara ovifera Seitz, 1913

SPEC Panara phereclus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Papilio)

SSYN = hippocrate (Godman, 1903) (Aricoris previously in Setabis)^ref.63

SPEC Panara soana Hewitson, 1875

SUBS Panara soana soana Hewitson, 1875

SUBS Panara soana bacana Callaghan, 1997

SUBS Panara soana ruschii Callaghan, 1997
GENU Isapis Doubleday, 1847

SPEC Isapis agyrtus (Cramer, 1777)* (Papilio)

SUBS Isapis agyrtus agyrtus (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio)

SUBS Isapis agyrtus abydus Stichel, 1929

SUBS Isapis agyrtus falcis Weymer, 1890

SUBS Isapis agyrtus hera Godman & Salvin, 1886

SUBS Isapis agyrtus mithrophorus Seitz, 1913

SUBS Isapis agyrtus praxinus (Stichel, 1909) (Melanis)

SUBS Isapis agyrtus sestus (Stichel 1909) (Melanis)
GENU Melanis Hübner, [1819]

SPEC Melanis agroleuca(Limnas)^f

SUBS Melanis agroleuca agroleuca (Felder, 1869) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis agroleuca huasteca White & White, 1989

SPEC Melanis aegates (Hewitson, 1874) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis aegates aegates (Hewitson, 1874) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis aegates albugo (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis aegates araguaya ( Seitz, 1913) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis aegates cretiplaga (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis aegates lilybaeus (Stichel, 1926) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis aegates limbata (Stichel, 1925) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis aegates melliplaga (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis alena (Hewitson, 1870) (Limnas)

SPEC Melanis boyi (Stichel, 1923) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis caatingensis Callaghan & Nobre 2014 ^{ref.13, ref.49}

SPEC Melanis cephise (Ménétriés, 1855) (Lyropteryx)

SPEC Melanis cercopes (Hewitson, 1874) (Limnas)

SPEC Melanis cinaron (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Limnas)

SPEC Melanis cratia (Hewitson, 1870) (Limnas)

SPEC Melains dulcis Callaghan & Costa 2017 ^ref.9

SPEC Melanis electron (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Melanis electron electron (Fabricius, 1793) (Hesperia)

SUBS Melanis electron auriferax (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis electron epijarbas (Staudinger, 1888) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis electron herellus (Snellen, 1887) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis electron melantho (Ménétriés, 1855) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis electron pronostriga (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis electron rabuscula (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis gynaeceas (Goldman & Salvin, 1889) (Original Genus??)

SPEC Melanis herminae (Zikán 1952) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis hillapana (Röber, 1904) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis hillapana hillapana (Röber, 1904) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis hillapana corinna (Zikán, 1952) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis hillapana cratippa (Seitz, 1913) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis hodia (Butler, 1870) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis leucophlegma (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis lioba (Zikán, 1952) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis lycea (Hübner, 1823) (Melanis)

SPEC Melanis marathon (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Oreas)

SUBS Melanis marathon marathon (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Oreas)

SUBS Melanis marathon assimulata (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis marathon charon (Butler, 1874) (Rusalkia)

SUBS Melanis marathon stenotaenia (Röber, 1904) (Rusalkia)

SPEC Melanis melandra (Hübner, [1819])* (Melanis)

SPEC Melanis melaniae (Stichel, 1930) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis opites (Hewitson, 1875) (Limnas)

SPEC Melanis passiena (Hewitson, 1870) (Limnas)

SPEC Melanis pixe (Boisduval, 1836) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis pixe pixe (Boisduval, 1836) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis pixe corvina (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SUBS Melanis pixe pseudoalena Salazar & Vargas, 2017^ref.41

SUBS Melanis pixe sanguinea (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis seleukia (Stichel, 1910) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis smithiae (Westwood, 1851) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis smithiae smithiae (Westwood, 1851) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis smithiae xarifa (Hewitson, [1853]) (Limnas)

SPEC Melanis unxia (Hewitson, [1853]) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis unxia unxia (Hewitson, [1853]) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis unxia ludmila (Zikán, 1952) (Limnas)

SPEC Melanis vidali (Dognin, 1891) (Lymnas)

SPEC Melanis volusia (Hewitson, [1853]) (Limnas)

SPEC Melanis weissi Brévignon, 2019^ref.85

SPEC Melanis xenia (Hewitson, [1853]) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis xenia xenia (Hewitson, [1853]) (Limnas)

SUBS Melanis xenia ambryllis (Hewitson, [1874]) (Limnas)

SPEC Melanis yeda (Zikán, 1952) (Lymnas)

GENU Siseme Westwood, 1851

SPEC Siseme alectryo Westwood, 1851*

SUBS Siseme alectryo alectryo Westwood, 1851

SUBS Siseme alectryo lucilius Hopffer, 1874

SUBS Siseme alectryo spectanda Stichel, 1909

SUBS Siseme alectryo tantilla Thieme, 1907

SPEC Siseme aristoteles (Latreille, [1809]) (Erycina)

SUBS Siseme aristoteles aristoteles (Latreille, [1809]) (Erycina)

SUBS Siseme aristoteles antioquensis Rodríguez, Salazar & Constantino, 2014 (valid?)^ref.42

SUBS Siseme aristoteles leucodesma Seitz, 1916

SUBS Siseme aristoteles minerva Felder & Felder, 1865

SUBS Siseme aristoteles ochrotaenia Seitz, 1916

SUBS Siseme aristoteles sprucei Bates, 1868

SPEC Siseme atrytone Thieme, 1907

SPEC Siseme militaris (Hopffer, 1874) (Lasaia)

SPEC Siseme neurodes (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Erycina)

SUBS Siseme neurodes neurodes (Felder & Felder, 1861) (Erycina)

SUBS Siseme neurodes caudalis Bates, 1868

SPEC Siseme pallas (Latreille, [1809]) (Erycina)

SUBS Siseme pallas pallas (Latreille, [1809]) (Erycina)

SUBS Siseme pallas defasciata Lathy, 1932

SUBS Siseme pallas xanthogramma Bates, 1868

SPEC Siseme peculiaris Druce, 1904

SPEC Siseme pseudopallas Weymer, 1890

SUBS Siseme pseudopallas pseudopallas Weymer, 1890

SUBS Siseme pseudopallas hellotis Thieme, 1907
GENU Monethe Westwood, 1851

SPEC Monethe albertus Felder & Felder, 1862

SUBS Monethe albertus albertus Felder & Felder, 1862

SUBS Monethe albertus rudolphus Godman & Salvin, 1885

SPEC Monethe alphonsus (Fabricius, 1793)* (Hesperia)
GENU Themone Westwood, 1851

SPEC Themone inornata Rebillard, 1958^ref.82

SPEC Themone pais (Hübner, [1820])* (Helicopis)

SUBS Themone pais pais (Hübner, [1820]) (Helicopis)

SUBS Themone pais bambino Bryk, 1953

SUBS Themone pais carveri (Weeks, 1906) (Methonella)

SUBS Themone pais eutacta Stichel, 1910

SUBS Themone pais paidion Stichel, 1910

SUBS Themone pais storthynga Stichel, 1910

SUBS Themone pais sublimata Stichel, 1925

SUBS Themone pais trivittata Lathy, 1904

SPEC Themone poecila Bates, 1868

SPEC Themone pulcherrima (Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]) (Eurygona?)
GENU Exoplisia Godman & Salvin, 1886

SPEC Exoplisia cadmeis (Hewitson, 1866) (Charis)

SPEC Exoplisia hypochalybe (Felder & Felder 1861)* (Amarynthis)

SUBS Exoplisia hypochalybe hypochalybe (Felder & Felder 1861) (Amarynthis)

SUBS Exoplisia hypochalybe muscolor (Weeks 1901) (Amarynthis)

SPEC Exoplisia myrtis (Druce, 1904) (Charis)

SPEC Exoplisia azuleja Callaghan, Llorente-Bousquets & Luis-Martinez, 2007

SPEC Exoplisia aphanis (Stichel, 1910) (Charmona)^ref.90

GENU Oco Grishin, 2021 Type species: Charmona aphanis^ref.90

SPEC Oco ocellata (Hewitson, 1867) (Symmachia)^ref.90

GENU Brachyglenis Felder & Felder, 1862

SPEC Brachyglenis dinora (Bates, 1866) (Metapheles)

SPEC Brachyglenis drymo (Godman & Salvin, 1886) (Tmetoglene)

SPEC Brachyglenis esthema Felder & Felder, 1862*

SUBS Brachyglenis esthema esthema Felder & Felder, 1862

SUBS Brachyglenis esthema ecuadorensis Lathy, 1932
GENU Necyria Westwood, 1851

SPEC Necyria bellona Westwood, 1851*

SUBS Necyria bellona bellona Westwood, 1851

SUBS Necyria bellona ahrenholzi Lamas, 2003

SUBS Necyria bellona gerhardi Mengel, 1902

SUBS Necyria bellona juturna Hewitson, 1869

SUBS Necyria bellona manco Saunders, 1859

SUBS Necyria bellona saundersii (Hewitson, 1854) (Erycina)

SUBS Necyria bellona westwoodi Hopffer, 1874

SUBS Necyria bellona whitelyiana Druce, 1874

SUBS Necyria bellona zaneta Hewitson, 1875

SPEC Necyria duellona Westwood, 1851

SUBS Necyria duellona duellona Westwood, 1851

SUBS Necyria duellona beltiana Hewitson, 1870

SUBS Necyria duellona diva Staudinger, [1887]

SPEC Necyria ingaretha Hewitson, 1872

SPEC Necyria larunda Godman & Salvin, 1885^ref.14
GENU Cyrenia^b Westwood, 1851 (1 sp)

SPEC Cyrenia martia Westwood, 1851

SUBS Cyrenia martia martia Westwood, 1851

SUBS Cyrenia martia androgyne Stichel, 1910

SUBS Cyrenia martia pyrippe Godman & Salvin 1878

SUBS Cyrenia martia themis Le Cerf, 1958

GENU Paraphthonia^b Stichel, 1910 (2 spp)

SPEC Paraphthonia cteatus Seitz, 1917

SPEC Paraphthonia molione (Godman, 1903)* (Monethe)
GENU Colaciticus^b Stichel, 1910 (2 spp)^y

SPEC Colaciticus banghaasi Seitz, 1917

SPEC Colaciticus johnstoni (Dannatt, 1904)* (Monethe)

SPEC Colaciticus seitzi Salazar, Constantino & Rodríguez, 2010^ref.17

GENU Cariomothis^b Stichel, 1910 (4 spp)

SPEC Cariomothis chia (Hübner, 1823) (Echenais)

SPEC Cariomothis erotylus Stichel, 1910

SPEC Cariomothis erythromelas (Sepp, [1841]) (Papilio)

SUBS Cariomothis erythromelas erythromelas (Sepp, [1841])* (Papilio)

SUBS Cariomothis erythromelas erythraea Stichel, 1910

SUBS Cariomothis erythromelas fulvus Lathy, 1932

SUBS Cariomothis erythromelas suffusa Lathy, 1932

SPEC Cariomothis poeciloptera (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Charis)

SUBS Cariomothis poeciloptera poeciloptera (Godman & Salvin, 1878) (Charis)

SUBS Cariomothis poeciloptera melusina (Staudinger, 1888) (Metacharis)

GENU Seco^b Hall & Harvey, 2002 (2 spp)

SPEC Seco calagutis (Hewitson, 1871)* (Charis)

GENU Amphiselenis^b Staudinger, 1888 (1 sp)

SPEC Amphiselenis chama (Staudinger, [1887])* (Lasaia)

UPDATE – Disclaimer
This checklist updates were paused during the years of 2020/2021 due to changes in my personal life during the pandemic, I am currently updating the checklist slowly. I am aware of the paper published by Zhang and collaborators at “The taxonomic report” in May 2021 and the changes proposed therein. Some changes are correct and pertinent and will be updated to this checklist first, others are not correctly formalized or are not supported by adequate taxonomic sampling or are controversial interpretations of the results. These more controversial changes will not be updated to this checklist at the moment, and shall be reviewed in a upcomming paper. All changes shall be linked to the citation using the 90 reference.

Comments
* type species obtained through The Natural History Museum of London’s database NHML genus search or through original descriptions.
^a non monophyletic genera (ref.2)
^b genera with uncertain position (i.e. not sampled by ref.2)
^d These species are treated as subspecies by (ref.1), however Butterflies of America (ref.6) treats them as full species.
^e These subspecies are treated as synonyms by Butterflies of America (ref.6)
^f These subspecies were synonymized under M. cephise(ref1), but are treated separetely by (ref.6)
^g This species is considered synonym to the subspecies Euselasia aurantiaca aurantiaca by ref.1. However both ref.6 and ref.32 follow the nomenclature proposed, but not formalyzed, by ref.33 based on imature stages biology, treating Euselasia cheles as a separate species. I do believe it should be given species status, but it is still pending formal taxonomic treatment.
^h This species is treated as synonym of Emesis cleis by Callaghan and Lamas (ref.1), but as separate species by ref.6
ⁱ This species is trated as subspecies of Mesene margareta in Butterflies of America (ref.6), however, its original authors discuss this at lengh and positioned this species as a full species closely related to M. margaretta, therefore, here I adopt the same treatment.
^j Callaghan and Lamas (2004) synonymized Mesosemia materna to Mesosemia umbrosa and treated the latter as subspecies of Mesosemia subtilis; whereas Hall and Harvey 2004 synonimized Mesosemia materna and Mesosemia subtilis to Mesosemia thymetus umbrosa.
^l Position suggested by some morphological characters (ref.4 and ref.5)
^m This species is cited by ref.20 as S. aureus Gallard & Attal, 2009, however the correct author of the taxon is Attal, 2009.
ⁿ Nemeobiini species sampled in Espeland et al 2015 phylogeny
^o Species sampled by Espeland et al 2015 pending new genus description
^p Species present by Espeland et al 2015 pending new genus description
^q Some authors use the incorrect combination A. echerius suffusa
^r Hall 2018 (ref.63) synonymyzed these species, however Seraphim et al 2018(ref.2) showed that N. ascolia is part of a species complex, separated from N. cachrus.
^s Hall 2018 apperently missed Gallard’s description of N. hermieri and N. colleti in his review of Nymphidiina (sensu Callaghan and Lamas 2004).
^t On one instance, however, I will not follow Hall 2018, this is the case of Zabuella castanea. Hall did not have access to our paper, where we transfered A. castanea into Zabuella based on molecular evidence, at the time he was editting his book, therefore his decision to transfer A. castanea to Callistium without revising the latter is not followed here.

^u Hall 2018 erected the genus Argyraspila for several species of Calospila. Based on the relationship found on recent molecular phylogenies (ref.2) between C. parthaon and A. rhesa I placed Argyraspila together with Calospila in Pandemina. However, I do not agree with Hall’s decision and I believe we are faced with a second case of a subgroup within a genus being described in a new genus, similar to what happened with Livendula and Adelotypa, which have been found to be sister taxa, rendering the description of a new genus (Livendula) unnecessary, although not invalid.
^v There are some divergencies between the list of synonymy presented here for Nemeobiinae genera (Donoda and Zemeros) and the one in Lamas World Riodinidae checkllist 2008 (online). I am aware of that, however, the work is copywrited and unpublished, so I am not reproducing its contents here. As long as I can find the original nomenclatural changes, or other reference material to them, I am placing them here, referenced as always. But, if I believe the changes could be new nomenclatural changes proposed by Lammnas, I am not reproducing them here.
^x This name appears as Emesis cerea in Callaghan and Lamas 2004 (Ref.1) but as Emesis cereus in Zheng et al 2019 (Ref.83). Linnaeus described this species as Papilio cereus in 1767, however “cereus” is an adjective meaning “waxed”. Therefore, according to the code of zoological nomenclature article 34, it should agree with the gender of the Genus name, which was originally a male noun (Papilio) and changed to a female noun (Emesis) therefore the correct spelling should be Emesis cerea, however, both names refer to the same species.
^y There are a number of proposed changes in Zhang et al 2021 that were not unequivocally formalized, new combinations did not appear anywhere, and the terminology n. comb., n. syn., etc, was not employed. In the case of Eucorna sanarita the species even appears as Voltinia sanarita in a subsequent part of text. These changes are not followed here at the moment.
^z

How to cite/Como citar
If you would like to cite this work please use the temporary citation: Seraphim, N. 2019. Riodinidae Species Checklist: a preliminary species checklist for the Riodinidae. Available at: https://labbor.ib.unicamp.br/?page_id=805.

Credits
This checklist has its higher taxonomy based on Seraphim et al 2018, and species-level taxonomy for Neotropical species based on Callaghan and Lamas 2004. Nomenclatural acts done after Callaghan and Lamas 2004 are referenced. Species-level taxonomy for the Nemeobiini is based on Bridge 1994 Catalogue (ref.62), nomenclatural changes made after this work are referenced.
It is still a work in progress, but it will be constantly updated.
Update: 30/May/2018 – One minor correction for Nymphidium.
Update: 11/Dec/2018 – A few genera have been updated following Hall 2018 (eg. Nymphidium).
Update: 05/May/2019 – Corrected several missing or mispelled taxa, kindly provided by Christian Brégvingon. Added Hall 2018 review for genera: Zabuella, Pachythone, Catocyclotis, Parvospila, Livendula, Minotauros, Annulata and Thenpea.
Update: 18/May/2019 – Added Hall 2018 review for genera: Periplacis, Pseudolivendula, Ahrenholzia, Calociasma, Pandemos, Dysmathia, Zelotaea, Diminuta, Adelotypa, Argyraspila.
Update: 05/Sep/2019 – Added Hall 2018 review for genera: Joiceya, Hypophyla, Calospila, Rodinia, Calliona, Sanguinea and Setabis. Finnally finished reviewing Hall’s nomenclatural changes. I decided to include Sanguinea, Catagramina and Callioma in the Pandemiina, I do have Sanguinea alcmaeon in the phylogeny and it is very close to Setabis epitus and Calospila parthaon these species are all very close therefore I feel confident these new genera are part of Pandemiina as well.
Update: 30-sep-2019 – Added Zheng et al 2019 review of the Emesidini and also the synonimy of Argyraspila alma to Argyraspila metaensis done by Salazar 2019.
Update: 14-nov-2019 – Added Brévignon’s work, with description of five taxa and a review of some Peseudolivendula taxa.
Update: 13-dec-2019 – Added Nemeobiina genera Dodona, Zemeros and Stiboges. Corrected a few errors, added a comment on the use of Emesis cerea instead of Emesis cereus.
Update: 20-dec-2019 – updated number of species, genera and subspecies.
Update: 25-aug-2020 – minor corrections, added new Symmachia subspecies
Update: 20-jul-2022 – changes unequivocally stated in Zhang et al 2021 (pages 24-29)
LAST UPDATE: 01-mar-2023 – corrrected a few mispellings (thanks to Brévignon) and added changes made by references 91 and 92.

Paleotropical Riodinidae – under review

If you find any incorrect or outdated information, please send an e-mail to noemyseraphim@gmail.com.

Referências/References:

1. Callaghan and Lamas, 2004 Riodinidae. Checklist: Part 4A.Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera (ed.by J.B. Heppner). Association for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL.

2. Seraphim, N., Kaminski, L. A., DeVries, P. J., Penz, C., Callaghan, C., Wahlberg, N., Silva-Brandão, K. L., & Freitas, A. V. L. 2018. Molecular phylogeny and higher systematics of the metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Systematic Entomology. On-line first. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12282

3. Trujano-Ortega, M., García-Vásquez, U. O., Callaghan, C., Ávalos-Hernández, O., Luís-Martinéz, M. A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. E. 2018.Two new genera of metalmark butterflies of North and Central America (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae) ZooKeys 729: 61-85 (16 Jan 2018) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.20179

4. Espeland, M., Hall, J.P., DeVries, P.J., et al. 2015 Ancient Neotropical origin and recent recolonisation: Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 93, 296-306.

5. Hall, J. 2007 Phylogenetic revision of the new neotropical riodinid genus Minstrellus (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100, 773-786.

6. Warren, A. D., K. J. Davis, E. M. Stangeland, J. P. Pelham & N. V. Grishin. 2013. Illustrated Lists of American Butterflies. [21-XI-2017] Butterflies of America

7. McAlpine, W. A. 1971. revision of the butterfly genus Calephelis (Riodinidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 10(1): 1-125

8. Gallard, J-Y. & Fernandez, S. 2017 Des postes territoriaux des Riodinides en Guyane : découverte de deux nouvelles espèces (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 122(4): 429-436.

9. Costa, M., Voloria, A.L., Attal, S., Neild, A.F.E., Fratello, S.A., Callaghan, C., Gallard, J-Y. 2017. Lepidoptera del Pantepui. Parte IV. Nuevos Riodinidae Riodininae y Pieridae Pierinae. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 122(3): 269-286.

10. Brévignon, C. 2015. Un nouvel Eurybiini du genre Alesa de Guyane française (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 120(4): 453-456.

11. Brévignon, C. 2016. Les espèces du groupe de Sarota gyas (Cramer, 1775) observées en Guyane française (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 121(4): 445-454

12. Siewert, R.R., Dias, F.M.S., Dolibaina, D.R., Mielke, O.H.H., Casagrande, M.M. 2014. New species and taxonomic notes on Anteros Hübner, [1819] and Ourocnemis Bethune-Baker, 1887 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 3860(5), pp.401–18.

13. Callaghan, C.J. & Nobre, C.E.B., 2014. A new species of Pheles Herrich–Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 3780(3), pp.558–9.

14. Callaghan, C. J., Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. 2007. Descriptions of four new Mexican riodinids (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Zootaxa 1660: 33-43.

15. Hall, J.P.W. & Lamas, G., 2007. Four new symmachiine taxa from the eastern Andes of Peru and Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Zootaxa.

16. Callaghan, C.J., Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. 2011. A new Mexican Mesene (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 2896, pp.53–64.

17. Rodríguez, G., Salazar, J.A. & Constantino, L.M., 2011. Description of new species and new records of riodinids (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae) from Colombia. Boletín Científico Museo Historia Natural, 14(2), pp.215–137.

18. Hall, J.P. & Willmott, K.R. 2007. Four new species of Symmachiini from Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Tropial Lepidoptera, 16(1-2):1-5

19. Gallard, J-Y, Attal, 2009. Deux nouveaux Symmachia (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae, Symmachiini). Lambillionea 109(2): 165-169, figs. (June)

[S. poirieri, S. aureus; French Guiana, Ecuador]

20. Hall, J.P, Harvey, D.J. 2007. Three new species of Symmachiini from Panama and Colombia (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) Tropical Lepidoptera 16(1-2) 7-10

21. Hall, J.P.W. & Lamas, G., 2004. A new cloud forest species of Calydna (Lepidoptera : Riodinidae) from Peru, with a revised phylogeny for the C. hiria group. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 106(4), pp.733–738.

22. Hall, J.P.W. & Ahrenholz, D.H., 2010. A new species of Alesa (Riodinidae: Eurybiini) from eastern Ecuador. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 20(1), pp.19–22.

23. Salazar, J.A., de Historia, L.C.B.C.M.2007, 2007. Descripción de nuevas especies de ropaloceros para Colombia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Ithomiinae, Riodinidae). Boletín Científico – Museo de Historia Natural, 11, pp.167–186.

24. Galard, J-Y. 2013. Révision du complexe Euselasia eucritus (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 118(2), pp.215–222.

25. Salazar, J.A., Rodríguez, G. & Constantino, L.M., 2010. Contribución al conocimiento del género Mesosemia Hübner [1819] en Colombia y descripción de nuevos taxa (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Boletín Científico Museo Historia Natural, 13(2), pp.174–240.

26. Hall, J.P. & Harvey, D.J., 2004. Five new riodinid species from the Napo region of Ecuador and Peru. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 12(1-2), pp.1–7.

27. Hall, J.P. 2005. A Phylogenetic Revision of the Napaeina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Mesosemiini).

28. Callaghan C.J., Llorente-Bousquets J., Luis-Martínez A. 2013. A new species of Euselasia Hübner from Meso-America and Mexico with notes on the eurypus group (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae).Zootaxa 3701:54-62.

29. dos Santos F.L., Dias F.M., Leite L.A., Dolibaina D.R., Casagrande M.M., Mielke O.H. 2014. Taxonomic notes on some species of Euselasia Hübner, [1819] from the Uriiformes” group, with the description of the immature stages of Euselasia satyroides Lathy, 1926, stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Euselasiinae). Zootaxa 3869(5):501-22. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.5.1

30. Hall, J.P., Willmott, K.R. 2009. Two new species of Euselasia (Riodinidae: Euselasiinae) from western Ecuador. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 19(1): 52-55.

31. Dias F.M., Dolibaina D.R., Mielke O.H., Casagrande M.M. 2013. Revision of the genus Stichelia Zikán (Riodinidae: Riodininae: Symmachiini), with the description of a new species from southern Brazil.Zootaxa, 3693:579-93.

32. NISHIDA, K. 2010. Description of the immature stages and life history of Euselasia (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) on Miconia (Melastomataceae) in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 2466. Monograph

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43. Dolibaina, D.R., Dias, F.M.S., Siewert, R.R., Mielk, O.H.H. & Casagrande, M.M. 2016. Mesene Doubleday (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with taxonomic notes and the description of a new species. Zootaxa 4175 (5): 463–472

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72. Brévignon, C. 2010. Description de nouvelle especes du genre Theope Doubleday, 1847 originaires de Guyane Française. I – Le groupe de Theope eudocia Westwood, 1851 (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae, Riodininae, Nymphidiini) Lambillionea 110: 315-319

73. Brévignon, C. 2010. Description de nouvelle especes du genre Theope Doubleday, 1847 originaires de Guyane Française. II – Le groupe de Theope thestias Hewitoson, 1860 (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae, Riodininae, Nymphidiini) Lambillionea 110: 320-333

74. Austin, G. 2008 Riodinidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Calephelis, with the description of new species. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 18(2):102-112

75. Brévignon, L. & Brévignon, C. Catalogue des Theopina de Guyane (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae; Riodininae, Nymphidiini)

76. Brévignon, C. le groupe d’Eusalia euoras, Lépidoptères de Guyane tomme III, (ISBN 2-9525440-3-4)

77. Brévignon, C.; Gallard, J.-Y. 2009. Description de deux nouvelles espèces du genre Theope provenant de Guyane Française (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Lambillionea, 109(4): 501–504.

78. Callaghan, C.J. & Nobre, C.E.B. 2014. A new species of Pheles Herrich–Schaeffer from Northeast Brazil (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa 3780 (3): 558–566

79. Dolibaina, D.R., Dias, F.M.S, Mielk, O.H.H. & Casagrande, M.M. 2014. A new species of Eurybia (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Eurybiini) from northeastern Brazil. Florida Entomologist 97(3)

80. Dolibaina, D.R., Dias, F.M.S, Mielk, O.H.H. & Casagrande, M.M. 2014. Taxonomy of the ‘Synargis axenus complex’ belonging to yhe ‘Synargis regulus‘ species group, with a phylogenetic assessment of the genus Synargis Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidiini). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 168: 427-451

81. Gallard, J-Y & Fernandez, S. 2015 Deux nouvelles espèces du genre Alesa découvertes en Guyane française (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae, Eurybiini). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 120(2): 135-142.

82. Brévingnon, C. personnal communication, 2018. Christian kindly provided several corections for this list, including the addition of several taxa.

83. Zhang, J., Shen, Jinhui, Cong, Q. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomic analysis of the tribe Emesidini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Zootaxa 4668(4): 475-488.

84. Salazar, J.A. 2019. Novedades em Historia Natural: Nuevos registros de Riodinidos (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) para Colombia. Boletín Científico Museo Historia Natural, 23(1), pp.303-309.

85. Brévignon, C. 2019. Description of nouveaux Riodinida de Guyane et du Brésil, et changements taxonomiques dans le genre Pseudolinvendula (Lepidoptera). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 124(3): 307-324.

86. Li-Wei, Wu, Wen-Jie, Lin, Yu-Feng Hsu. 2018. A distinct species, Dodona formosana, detected in the Dodona eugenes species complex: clarification of the taxonomic status of the Punch butterfly in Taiwan. Zookeys, 736:59-77

87. Callaghan, C.J. 2009.The Riodinid butterflyes of Vietnam (Lepidoptera). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 63(2): 61-82

88. Monastyrskii, A. L. & Devyatkin, A. L. 2000. New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) Atalanta 31 (3/4):471-492

89. Lachlan, RB and Muller, Chris J. 2013 A new species of ‘Dicallaneura‘ Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Riodininae) from Papua New Guinea. The Australian Entomologist 40(4): 177-186

90. Zang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J., Opler, P. A. & Grishin, N.V. 2021. Genomics-guided refinement of butterfly taxonomy. The Taxonomic Report 9(3):1-55

91. Brévignon, C. 2021. Notes sur les Nymphidiina de Guyane. Lambillionea 121(3): 140-155

92. Costa, M., Viloria, A. L., Callaghan, C., Trujano-Ortega, M., Neild, A. E. E., Benmesbah, M., Attal, S. & Grishin, N. V. 2021. Nuevos Riodinidae (Riodininae), Pieridae (Dismorphiinae) y Nymphalidae (Satyrinae). Antenor, 8 (1), 2021 : 2-28.